Digestive: Parasitic (Part 2) Flashcards
Canker
Trichomoniasis
Etiologic agent for trichomoniasis
Trichomonas gallinae
Flagellated protozoan that (…) flagellate and one attached flagellum that trails along an undulating membrane
Trichomonas gallinae
Trichomonas found in
Domestic pigeons and doves
A disease in young birds
Trichomonas severity depends on
Susceptibility of birds
Pathogenic strains
Trichomoniasis recovered adults
Resistant to reinfection
Trichomoniasis transmission
Infected parent feeing young (pigeon milk)
Contaminated drinking water
Infected bird is a prey meal for another bird (raptor)
Carried subclinically by rock doves ( Columbia livia)
Caseous plaques in oral cavity, esophagus, crop
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis diagnosis
Demonstration of the organism
Trichomoniasis tx and prevention
Metronidazole
Regular cleaning of feeders and water sources
Thrush/ Yeast infection
Candidiasis
Etiologic agent for candidiasis
Candida albicans (fungal organism)
Common environmental contaminant
Normal inhabitant of digestive tract
Candida albicans
Affects older birds, neonates, sick birds, stressed birds
Candida albicans
Poor hygiene
Spread yaest infection
-Halitosis and raised areas with thick, clear or white material inside the mouth
-White plaques inside mouth
Candidiasis
-regurgitation, anorexia, delayed crop emptying
-swollen or bloated mucus-filled crop
-feather problems around the crop and beak abnormalities
Candidiasis
Candidiasis diagnosis
Fungal growth in throat
Cloacal swabs and throat culture
PCR and sequences assays
Candidiasis tx and prevention
Antifungals
Removal of old food from flights
Keep water clean
Improve environment
Hepatic Lipidosis (metabolic)
-Fatty liver syndrome
-Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome
-Hepatic steatosis
Hepatic Lipidosis: infects
Breeder hens and turkeys (12-25 weeks)
Death by aneurysm
Hepatic Lipidosis
Seen in birds with BW above target
Hepatic Lipidosis
Sudden mortality (1-15%)
Hepatic Lipidosis
Causes of hepatic Lipidosis
-Excess energy consumption (CHO/fats)
-Excess fatty acid influx into liver form lipolysis
-Decreased synthesis of lipid acceptor proteins = lipid accumulation
-Increased lipogenesis
-Reduced/impaired fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria
Straw colored transudate in abdominal cavity
Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions
Enlarged mottled liver due to hemorrhages
Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions
Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on epicardium and abdominal fat
Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions
Lung congestion and edema
Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions
Hepatic Lipidosis diagnosis
Gross lesions
Histopathology: fatty degeneration of liver
Hepatic Lipidosis: Predisposing factors
-Low methionine levels in a diet
-Low protein and high energy diet
-Short days (hens eat more feed)
-Accidental lighting: E2 high lipid accumulation in liver
-Hypothyroidism in some hens
