Digestive: Parasitic (Part 2)

Question 1

Canker

Answer 1

Trichomoniasis

Question 2

Etiologic agent for trichomoniasis

Answer 2

Trichomonas gallinae

Question 3

Flagellated protozoan that (…) flagellate and one attached flagellum that trails along an undulating membrane

Answer 3

Trichomonas gallinae

Question 4

Trichomonas found in

Answer 4

Domestic pigeons and doves
A disease in young birds

Question 5

Trichomonas severity depends on

Answer 5

Susceptibility of birds
Pathogenic strains

Question 6

Trichomoniasis recovered adults

Answer 6

Resistant to reinfection

Question 7

Trichomoniasis transmission

Answer 7

Infected parent feeing young (pigeon milk)
Contaminated drinking water
Infected bird is a prey meal for another bird (raptor)
Carried subclinically by rock doves ( Columbia livia)

Question 8

Caseous plaques in oral cavity, esophagus, crop

Answer 8

Trichomoniasis

Question 9

Trichomoniasis diagnosis

Answer 9

Demonstration of the organism

Question 10

Trichomoniasis tx and prevention

Answer 10

Metronidazole
Regular cleaning of feeders and water sources

Question 11

Thrush/ Yeast infection

Answer 11

Candidiasis

Question 12

Etiologic agent for candidiasis

Answer 12

Candida albicans (fungal organism)

Question 13

Common environmental contaminant
Normal inhabitant of digestive tract

Answer 13

Candida albicans

Question 14

Affects older birds, neonates, sick birds, stressed birds

Answer 14

Candida albicans

Question 15

Poor hygiene

Answer 15

Spread yaest infection

Question 16

-Halitosis and raised areas with thick, clear or white material inside the mouth
-White plaques inside mouth

Answer 16

Candidiasis

Question 18

-regurgitation, anorexia, delayed crop emptying
-swollen or bloated mucus-filled crop
-feather problems around the crop and beak abnormalities

Answer 18

Candidiasis

Question 19

Candidiasis diagnosis

Answer 19

Fungal growth in throat
Cloacal swabs and throat culture
PCR and sequences assays

Question 20

Candidiasis tx and prevention

Answer 20

Antifungals
Removal of old food from flights
Keep water clean
Improve environment

Question 21

Hepatic Lipidosis (metabolic)

Answer 21

-Fatty liver syndrome
-Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome
-Hepatic steatosis

Question 22

Hepatic Lipidosis: infects

Answer 22

Breeder hens and turkeys (12-25 weeks)

Question 23

Death by aneurysm

Answer 23

Hepatic Lipidosis

Question 24

Seen in birds with BW above target

Answer 24

Hepatic Lipidosis

Question 25

Sudden mortality (1-15%)

Answer 25

Hepatic Lipidosis

Question 26

Causes of hepatic Lipidosis

Answer 26

-Excess energy consumption (CHO/fats) -Excess fatty acid influx into liver form lipolysis -Decreased synthesis of lipid acceptor proteins = lipid accumulation -Increased lipogenesis -Reduced/impaired fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria

Question 27

Straw colored transudate in abdominal cavity

Answer 27

Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions

Question 28

Enlarged mottled liver due to hemorrhages

Answer 28

Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions

Question 29

Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on epicardium and abdominal fat

Answer 29

Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions

Question 30

Lung congestion and edema

Answer 30

Hepatic Lipidosis postmortem lesions

Question 31

Hepatic Lipidosis diagnosis

Answer 31

Gross lesions Histopathology: fatty degeneration of liver

Question 32

Hepatic Lipidosis: Predisposing factors

Answer 32

-Low methionine levels in a diet -Low protein and high energy diet -Short days (hens eat more feed) -Accidental lighting: E2 high lipid accumulation in liver -Hypothyroidism in some hens