Digestive, Urinary And Reproductive System

Question 1

DIGESTION (mechanical)( physical)

Answer 1

Chew
Tear
Grind
Mash
Mix

Question 2

Digestion types

Answer 2

Mechanical, chemical

Question 3

DIGESTION ( Chemical)

Answer 3

Enzymes reactions to improve digestion of
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-lipids

Question 4

Digestion PHASES

Answer 4

-ingestion
-movement
-mechanical and chemical digestion
-absorption
-elimination

Question 5

Digestive system organization

Answer 5

Gastrointestinal (GL) tract
-mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small infestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Accessory organs; (teeth, tongue, salivary, glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 6

Mouth

Answer 6

Teeth- mechanically break down food into smaller pieces

Tongue- mixed food with saliva ( contains amylase, helps break down starch)

Epiglottis- is a flap structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It’s located in the pharynx

Question 7

Esophagus (functions)

Answer 7

Approximately 20 cm long
Functions:
Secrete mucus
Loves food from the throat to the stomach using movement called peristalsis

Question 8

Stomach (functions)

Answer 8

-Mixes food with Digestive Juices containing enzymes to break down Proteins + Lipids
-Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria and denatures proteins.
-Food found in the stomach is called Chyme

Question 9

Small Intestine (functions)

Answer 9

-Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long.
-Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area.
Absorbs: 80% ingested water, Vitamins, Minerals, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids
-Secretes digestive enzymes

Question 10

Large Intestine (functions)

Answer 10

-About 1.5 meters long
-Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
-Rectum (short term storage holds feces before it is expelled).
Functions:
Bacterial digestion, Ferment carbohydrates!!
-Absorbs more water
-Concentrate wastes

Question 11

Urinary system

Answer 11

WATCH VIDEO!!!!!!

Question 12

Anatomy of the Kidney

Answer 12

Main structures of the mammalian kidney:
renal cortex
renal medula
renal pelvis
nephrons

Question 13

Anatomy of the Nephron

Answer 13

Glomerulus
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule

Question 14

Glomerulus (FILRATION)

Answer 14

Water, nutrients, and wastes are filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule of the nephron.

Question 15

Proximal tubule

Answer 15

-Nutrients (salts, vitamins, etc.) are moved out of the tubule through active transport.
-Water follows the nutrients by osmosis.

Question 16

Loop of Henle

Answer 16

-Tissue around the Loop of Henle is salty, from active transport and diffusion of sodium chloride.
-The salty conditions allow water to diffuse out of the loop.

Question 17

Distal Tubule

Answer 17

-Active transport is used to move more nutrients out of the concentrated urine.
-Some ions, drugs, and toxins are actively pumped into the tubule.

Question 18

Collecting Duct

Answer 18

-More water leaves the tube by osmosis, since the tube is surrounded by salty tissue.
-Some urea leaves by diffusion, and may be cycled through the system.

Question 19

sequence

Answer 19

filtration, tubular reabsorption, loop of henle, tubular secretion, collecting duct

Question 20

Organs of the Male Reproductive System

Answer 20

Penis
Urethra
Vas Deferens
Scrotum
Testes
Bladder*
*Not a part of the reproductive system

Question 21

External Organs of the Male Reproductive System

Answer 21

Penis: the external reproductive organ, urethra passes through the penis, allows urine and semen to exit the body.

Scrotum: a sac or pouch which holds the testes. (functions)
the scrotum is to maintain the proper temp of the testes.
-Sperm is destroyed unless a temperature of 97o is maintained.

Question 22

Internal Organs of the Male Reproductive System

Answer 22

Urethra: a tube which allows urine and semen to exit the body. Connects to the bladder
Vas deferens: a tube which connects the testes to the urethra and allows semen to exit the body.
Testes: two glands which produce sperm and hormones (testosterone)

Question 23

Organs of the Female Reproductive System

Answer 23

Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
Fallopian Tubes
Ovary

Question 24

Organs of the Female Reproductive System

Answer 24

Vagina: also called the birth canal, a tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body.

Cervix: the lower portion of the uterus; where the vagina and uterus meet.

Uterus: a hollow, fist-sized organ located between the bladder and rectum.

Fallopian Tubes: also called oviducts; are two tubes connecting the uterus with the ovaries.

Question 25

Organs of the Female Reproductive System

Answer 25

Ovaries: small organs on the ends of the Fallopian tubes responsible for the production and release of eggs.

-Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever produce.
-Ovaries alternate the release of eggs each month.
-This release of the ova is called ovulation.
-ovaries produce hormones-estrogen.

Question 26

Urinary system (major organ)

Answer 26

Kidneys (most important)
-blood volume
Blood pressure
Blood oh
Metabolites
Electrolytes

Question 27

Process with urine

Answer 27

Kidney- produces urine
Ureter- transports urine
Bladder- stores urine
Urethra- conduct urine