Digestive system infections (part 1)

Question 1

what is the method of pathogenesis of digestive infections?

Answer 1

first establish an intestinal infection and then spread systemically

Question 2

what is the method of pathogenesis of cholera? (yellow box)

Answer 2

toxin production, lysogenic conversion!

Question 3

what is the causative agent of cholera?

Answer 3

Vibrio cholerae

Question 4

describe the characteristics of Vibrio cholerae

Answer 4

curved
gram - rod
polar flagellum
halotolerant
alkalophile
acid sensitive

Question 5

curved

Answer 5

Vibrio cholerae

Question 6

Gram negative

Answer 6

Vibrio cholerae; E. coli;

Question 7

Rod

Answer 7

Vibrio cholerae; E. coli

Question 8

Polar flagellum

Answer 8

Vibrio cholerae

Question 9

Halotolerant

Answer 9

Vibrio cholerae

Question 10

Alkalophile

Answer 10

Vibrio cholerae

Question 11

Acid sensitive

Answer 11

Vibrio cholerae

Question 12

symptoms of Cholera? (3)

Answer 12

rice water stools
abdominal cramping
severe dehyrdation

Question 13

symptom: rice water stools

Answer 13

cholera

Question 14

symptom: abdominal cramping

Answer 14

cholera

Question 15

symptom: severe dehydration

Answer 15

cholera

Question 16

how is cholera transmitted? (4)

Answer 16

contaminated water
contaminated food

fecal-oral is possible
person to person is not common

Question 17

contaminated food = ? (cholera)

Answer 17

raw/undercooked seafood

rice, cereals, gruels left at ambient temperature

Question 18

how to treat cholera?

Answer 18

immediate ORT or IV. hydration is the most important

Question 19

how to prevent cholera?

Answer 19

sanitation and hygiene, avoid raw/uncooked food; bottled water, no ice, some countries offer vaccines

Question 20

what part of the body does cholera infect?

Answer 20

lower intestine

Question 21

a pathogenic sample is found in the lower intestine. where does it most likely come from?

Answer 21

ChoLera

chol is small

Question 22

in the name E. coli 0157:H7, what does the O represent?

Answer 22

O = LPS O antigen

Question 23

in the name E. coli 0157:H7, what does the H represent?

Answer 23

H = flagellar antigen

Question 24

lactose fermenter

Answer 24

E. coli

Question 25

a pathogenic sample is found in the large intestine. what is likely to have caused it?

Answer 25

E. coLi L for large

Question 26

name some physical characteristics of E. coli (4)

Answer 26

- gram negative rods - lactose fermenters - A/E lesions - toxin production

Question 27

digestive infection that produces A/E lesions

Answer 27

E. coli

Question 28

digestive infection that produces toxins

Answer 28

E. coli

Question 29

what is the treatment for E. coli?

Answer 29

there is no treatment! in fact, antibiotics make it worse

Question 30

what is the most important pathovar of E. coli?

Answer 30

STEC

Question 31

what does STEC stand for? what is it?

Answer 31

Shiga toxin producing E. coli

Question 32

how is the STEC toxin produced?

Answer 32

lysogenic conversion

Question 33

where in the body does E. coli / STEC colonize?

Answer 33

large intestine

Question 34

what effect does STEC have in the large intestine?

Answer 34

damage intestinal cells --> A/E lesions

Question 35

what are A/E/ lesions? what affect do they have in the body?

Answer 35

attaching and effacing. the damage intestinal cells which leads to diarrhea

Question 36

HUS is a result of?

Answer 36

Shiga toxin

Question 37

what condition can Shiga toxin cause ?

Answer 37

HUS

Question 38

symptoms of HUS

Answer 38

decreased urination blood in urine brusing bleeding

Question 39

decreased urination, GNR, toxin production

Answer 39

HUS

Question 40

blood in urine, GNR, toxin production

Answer 40

HUS

Question 41

bruising, GNR, toxin production

Answer 41

HUS

Question 42

name the three virulence factors // mechanisms of pathogenesis of E. coli

Answer 42

1. attachment via pili 2. use T3SS to make A/E lesions and kill cells 3. produce shiga toxin that damage blood vessels in kidneys

Question 43

a digestive infection that attaches via pili

Answer 43

E. coli

Question 44

a digestive infection that uses T3SS to make A/E lesions

Answer 44

E. coli

Question 45

a digestive infection that produces shiga toxin to damage blood vessels in kidneys

Answer 45

E. coli