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BMA1902 mid sem test > Digestive system and metabolism > Flashcards

Digestive system and metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Organs in the digestive tract

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
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2
Q

Accessory organs

A 
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas
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3
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking food and water into the digestive tract

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4
Q

Propulsion

A

Moving food through the digestive tract

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5
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary alternate waves of muscle contraction and relaxation

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6
Q

Mechanical breakdown

A

Physically breaking the food up into smaller fragments so that it can be chemically digested

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7
Q

Segmentation

A

Moving bolus back and forth to break it into smaller fragments
Mixing food with digestive juices

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8
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes break down complex food molecules into their building blocks (monomers)

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9
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of end products from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph

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10
Q

Defaction

A

Elimination of indigestible substances in the form of faeces, via the anus

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11
Q

Mucosa

A

Innermost layer
Secretes mucus
Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones
Absorbs nutrients that have been digested

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12
Q

Submucosa

A

Covers mucosa

Elastic tissue - recoil

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13
Q

Muscularis externa

A

Surrounds submucosa
Smooth muscle cells
Peristalsis and segmentation
Sphincter to ensure food travels in one direction

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14
Q

Serosa

A

Outermost layer

Anchors digestive organs to surrounding tissue

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15
Q

Digestive processes of mouth

A

Ingestion
Chem BD
Mech BD
Propulsion

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16
Q

Digestive processes of stomach

A

Propulsion
Mech BD
Chem BD - pepsin (proteins)
Absorption

17
Q

Digestive processes of small intestine

A

Propulsion
Mech BD
Chem BD - brush boarder enzymes
Absorption

18
Q

Digestive processes of large intestine

A

Chem BD
Absorption
Propulsion
Defaection

19
Q

Liver function

A

Produces bile

20
Q

Gallbladder function

A

Stored bile

21
Q

Pancreas function

A

Produces alkaline pancreatic juice to neutralise chyme

Produces enzymes

22
Q

Parietal cells

A

Stomach

Produce hydrochloric acid

23
Q

Chief cells

A

Stomach

Produce pepsinogen = inactive form of pepsin ==> pepsin

24
Q

Goblet cells

A

Stomach

Produce mucus

25
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum total of chemical reactions occurring in an organism

26
Q

Anabolism

A

Reactions that BUILD larger molecules from small ones

27
Q

Catabolsim

A

Reactions that BREAKDOWn large molecules into smaller ones

28
Q

Anabolic/absorptive state

A

When nutrients are in abundance
Controlled by insulin
Excess nutrients stored

29
Q

Catabolic/post-absorptive state

A

When no food is being digested and the body reserves must be broken down to provide nutrients
Controlled by glucagon

30
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

31
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Production of glucose from non CHO products

BMA1902 mid sem test (5 decks)

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