Digestive System

Question 1

Digestive tract pathway

Answer 1

Mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine- large intestine- anus.

Question 2

Accessory organ

Answer 2

Liver, gallbladder , pancreas

Question 3

Mechanical breakdown of food

Answer 3

Chewing with teeth

Question 4

Chemical breakdown of food

Answer 4

Tongue mixes food with saliva

Question 5

Saliva

Answer 5

Thick fluid that lubricates and moistens food. Secretes lysozyme and amylase

Question 6

Bolus

Answer 6

Smaller pieces of food that is broken down by being Chewed and saliva

Question 7

Lysozyme

Answer 7

Enzyme that kills bacteria

Question 8

Amylase

Answer 8

Digestive enzyme that breaks down carbs into simple sugars

*carbs are digested in the mouth

Question 9

Pharynx

Answer 9

Tube that leads into 2 passageways - digestive and respiratory

Question 10

Epiglottis

Answer 10

Small muscular tissue flap

Question 11

Back digestive tract

Answer 11

Epiglottis folds downwards, food enters to the digestive tract

Question 12

Front respiratory tract

Answer 12

When the epiglottis fold upwards, air enters to the respiratory tract

Question 13

Esophagus

Answer 13

Long muscular tube

Upper 2/3 is voluntary muscle
Lower 1/3 is involuntary muscle

Actively moves a Bolus through peristalsis

Question 14

Peristalysis

Answer 14

A rhythmical wave contraction to move food contents

Question 15

Mechanical breakdown in stomach

Answer 15

Stomach wall has deep folds called RUGAE. Folds disappear as the stomach expands. Peristalysis still occurs.

Question 16

Churning

Answer 16

Rotating motion as the food is digested. Digested food mixes with gastric juices and becomes chyme.

Question 17

Chemical breakdown in stomach

Answer 17

Pepsinogen (inactive enzyme) reacts with Hcl. Pepsin is formed

Question 18

Pepsin

Answer 18

Active, digested enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acid.

*proteins are digested in the stomach

Question 19

How much of the stomach is acidic?

Answer 19

2/3. Hcl Aides in protein digestion with pepsinogen. Kills bacteria

Question 20

Small intestine

Answer 20

When phyloric sphincter contracts and relaxes, chyme passes into the duodenum of small intestine.

Long small diameter. Peristalysis still occurs. 3 parts- duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Lipids digested here

Question 21

Liver

Answer 21

Body’s largest internal organ.
Irregular shape
Helps maintain glucose concentration in blood by converting excess into glycogen

Question 22

Bile

Answer 22

Produced by liver. Green fluid that contains hydrophobic and hydrophilic salts. Breaks up fats into fat droplets

Question 23

Gall bladder

Answer 23

Small sac located at the underside of the liver. Stores bile

Question 24

Pancreas

Answer 24

Secretes pancreatic juice and enzymes to the small intestines

Question 25

Lipase

Answer 25

Digestive enzyme that breaks down lipids

Question 26

Lipids digestion

Answer 26

Gallbladder releases bile through common bile duct. Enters small intestine.

Pancreas releases lipase through the pancreatic duct and enters the small intestines.

Bile and lipase breaks down lipids in the small intestines

Question 27

What is epithelial wall of small intestine covered with?

Answer 27

Villi- finger like projections that contain capillaries

Question 28

How does small intestine absorb nutrients?

Answer 28

Glucose, amino acids and fatty acids diffuse through the villi and enter the capillaries. Blood carries the nutrients and distribute to the tissues in the body.

Question 29

Large intestine parts

Answer 29

Parts- cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon,sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.

Question 30

Large intestine

Answer 30

Larger in diameter but shorter in length. Peristalysis still occurs. Abosorbs water. Removed I digested food out of the body through the anus.

Question 31

What is the digestive system

Answer 31

The breakdown of food and allows nutrients to be absorbed by the tissues in the body