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Health & Society II > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions in the digestive system?

A
  • ingest food
  • digest food to nutrients
  • eliminate indigestible remains
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2
Q

What is the digestive tract?

A

a long tube that begins in the mouth and ends in the anus

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3
Q

Digestion is broken into two types; which?

A

Mechanical & chemical

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4
Q

What does the mechanical part of digestion consist of?

A

chewing and mixing it in the stomach

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5
Q

What does the chemical part of digestion consist of?

A

enzymes break down macromolecules into small organic molecules

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6
Q

What are taste buds?

A

sensory receptors on the tongue that are activated by the presence of food

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7
Q

Identify the parts of the mouth

A
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8
Q

How many teeth do humans have as babies and as adults?

A

20 as baby and 32 as adults

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9
Q

How many parts is a tooth divided into?

A

Two: root & crown

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10
Q

Identify the parts of a tooth

A
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11
Q

What happens in the pharynx?

A
  • Receives food from the mouth
  • Swallowing happens here as an involuntary action
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12
Q

What does the epiglotis do?

A

Covers the entrance to the larynx (glotis) when food passes so it doesn’t go to the trachea

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13
Q

What is the esohpagus and what are its functions?

A

It is the muscular tube that passes from the pharynx through the thoracic cavity and diaphragm, in order to join the stomach.

Its function is to push food from the mouth into the stomach

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14
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

rythmic contraction of the smooth muscle in the digestive system that pushes food along the tract

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15
Q

What is the sphincter?

A

muscle that encircles a tube & acts as a valve

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16
Q

Which are the four layers of the digestive tract’s wall?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Serosa
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17
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  • Store food
  • Start the digestion of proteins
  • Move food into small intestine
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18
Q

Identify the different parts of the stomach

A
19
Q

How long (in average) is the small intestine?

A

6 meters long

20
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

It receives bile from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas

21
Q

Whats does bile do?

A

digests fat

22
Q

Identify the different parts of the small intestine (duodenum)

A
23
Q

How does the large intestine help maintain homeostasis?

A

By ridding the body of indigestible remains

24
Q

Identify the parts of the large intestine:

A
25
Q

Which are the three accesory organs of the digestive system?

A
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
26
Q

What does the endocrine part of the pancreas do?

A

secretes insulin & glucagon to keep glucose levels within limits

27
Q

What does the exocrine part of the pancreas do?

A

neutralizes the acid in the stomach

28
Q

What is produced in the endocrine tissue of the pancreas?

A

insulin & glucagon

29
Q

What does insulin do?

A

lowers the levels of glucose in the body

30
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose & raises the glucose levels

31
Q

What are the main functions of the liver?

A
  • detoxifying the body
  • processing everything
  • storing iron & some vitamins
32
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

stores any excess of bile

33
Q

Identify the different parts of the digestive tract

A
34
Q

What are stomach ulcers?

A

open sores in the stomach wall, caused by gradual disintegration of the tissue

35
Q

Which bacteris may cause a stomach ulcer and other diseases?

A

Helycobacter pylori

36
Q

What is gastritis?

A

the inflammation of the lining of the stomach

37
Q

What is colitis?

A

the inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

38
Q

What is diarrhea?

A

when the large intestine’s wall becomes irritated, peristalsis increases, and less water is absorbed

39
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

the inflammation of the liver

40
Q

Which are the three types of hepatitis?

A
  • Type A: water, food
  • Type B: sexual contact, transfusion, needles
  • Type C: chronic, liver cancer
41
Q

When does cirrhosis occur?

A

when the liver becomes infiltrated with fat

42
Q

What is diabetes?

A

no production of insulin, or cannot use insuline properly

43
Q

What does diabetes affect?

A

the ability to regulate glucose metabolism

44
Q

What happens, in general, in diabetes?

A

The body does have sugar, but the cells are starving, so they start metabolizing fat

Health & Society II (5 decks)

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