Digestive system 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Diarrhoea in TCM?
A
- In TCM is considered as an abnormal condition characterised by increased frequency, fluidity and urgency of bowel movements.
- Usually associated with the presence of dampness, therefore most commonly involves the Spleen, either as a source of the dampness or as the target of external dampness
- Occurs in all seasons but is more common in summer and autumn
2
Q
What is Diarrhoea in Biomedicine?
A
- Diarrhoea refers to frequent loose or watery bowel movements
- It is a common symptom that can be caused by various factors such as infections, food intolerance, medication side effects or underlying gastrointestinal disorders affecting the absorption and movement of water in the intestines
3
Q
What is the Etiology of diarrhoea?
A
- External pathogenic factors such as dampness, cold, heat and wind
- Dampness can cause diarrhoea
- Improper diet, emotional stress and seasonal and environmental factors may cause diarrhoea
4
Q
What is the pathogenesis for diarrhoea?
A
- Excessive dampness can weaken the Spleen’s T&T function, resulting in damp diarrhoea or spleen xu leading to the failure of transporting and transforming fluids leading to diarrhoea or the T&T function of spleen interrupted by over-strained Liver or Kidney Xu
5
Q
What is the treatment of diarrhoea?
A
- Treatment aims to clear dampness,, regulate the Spleen, and harmonise the intestines.
- ST36 and herbal formulas containing FuLing and CangZhu may be commonly used.
- Address the dampness and restore the Spleen, stomach, intestines and Kidney function and qi dynamic / harmony are the key points in the treatment of diarrhoea
- Acute diarrhoea – treat the branch first
- Chronic diarrhoea – treat the root and branch simultaneously
6
Q
What is constipation in TCM?
A
- Refers to difficulty passing stools, prolonged intervals between stools or a desire to defecate without the ability to do so or infrequent bowel movements accompanied by dry stools.
- Consistency of sools may vary from hard, dry and pebble-like to essentially normal and well-formed.
- Often associated with imbalances in the functions of the Spleen, Liver, Intestines, including Qi Xu, Blood stagnation and dryness
- Infrequent bowel movement - fewer than three times per week
- Constitutional Yang excess and accumulation of heat in the intestine and stomach – heat/heating/drying-damage the jinye/yin
7
Q
What is the biomedicine view of constipation ?
A
- Constipation is characterised by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stools.
- It can occur due to various factors such as insufficient fibre intake, inadequate fluid intake, lack of physical activity or underlying conditions affecting the normal movement of waste through the digestive system.
- As food moves through the colon, the colon absorbs water from the food while it forms waste products or stool
- Muscle contractions in the colon then push the stool towards the rectum, by the time the stool reaches the rectum it is solid, because most of the water has been absorbed
8
Q
What is the aetiology of constipation?
A
- Deficiency of Qi, blood stagnation and dryness in the intestines
- Qi stagnation – lack of qi dynamic to move
- Qi and Blood Xu – malnourishment
- Yang Xu with internal cold
- Impairment of the LI’s function to transport and guide turbidity downwards is an important factor in constipation
- Dysfunction of the Spleen and Stomach, Lung and Kidney can be involved in constipation
- Pebble like stools – heat, liver qi stagnation
- Neither dry or hard – qi or yang xu, qi stagnation
- Exhaustion after BM – qi or yang xu
9
Q
What is the pathogenesis of constipation?
A
- The deficiency of Qi can lead to the Spleen failing to transport fluids, resulting in dryness in the intestines and subsequent constipation
- Blood stagnation can cause obstruction in the intestines leading to constipation
10
Q
What is the treatment of constipation?
A
- Clear heat, tonify Qi, promote Qi and blood circulation and moisten the dryness in the intestines.
- ST25 and herbal formulas containing Dahuang (Rhubarb), Renshen, Huo Ma Ren.
11
Q
What is dysenteric disorder in TCM?
A
- Defined as diarrhoea mixed with blood, mucus and pus, accompanying with abdominal pain, tenesmus or even fever.
- Often associated with the invasion of pathogenic factors such as dampness, heat and toxins.
12
Q
What are the red flags of dysenteric disorder in TCM?
A
- May be caused by bacterial infection, referral to medical and reporting to relevant public health team are required
- Acute diarrhoea may be caused by certain food positions which may require report
13
Q
What is the biomedicine definition of dysenteric disorder?
A
- Two types of conditions: true dysentery and IBD fall into the TCM disease of dysenteric disorder.
- The first true dysentery refers to a move severe form of acute onset diarrhoea characterised by inflammation in the intestines (bloody stools, abdominal cramps and fever) often caused by bacterial or parasitic infections
- The second is the chronic type and usually associated with IBD.
14
Q
What is the aetiology of dysenteric disorder?
A
Aetiology:
* Dysenteric disorder is caused by dampness and heat
* Occurs most commonly in summer and autumn.
15
Q
What is the pathogenesis of dysenteric disorder?
A
- Excess heat and dampness from external invading or internal accumulation leads to inflammation like changes in the intestines, resulting in typical dysenteric symptoms such as bloody and mucus-containing stools pain, tenesmus and even fever.
