Digestive system

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the anatomy of the digestive system

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the three salivary glands and their functions?

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe the anatomy of the esophagus and stomach

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe the small intestine

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe the large intestine (colon)

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain the structure of the gastrointestinal tract (ENS)

Answer 7

Question 8

Explain mucosa in the stomach and small intestine

Answer 8

Epithelium (most variable)
-Including transporting epithelial cells (enterocytes in sm. intestine), endocrine and exocrine secretory cells
-Junctions very tight in stomach and colon, leaky in small intestine
-Short lifespan (a few days) GI stem cells constantly producing new cells (about 17 billion replaced daily)

Lamina propria:
-Subepithelial tissue containing nerve fibres, small blood vessels and lymph vessels

Muscularis mucosae
-Thin layer of smooth muscle that can alter the surface area available for absorption

Question 9

What is the function of the submucosa

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the function of the muscularis externa and serosa?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the digestive function and processes

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the challenges of the digestive system

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe fluid secretions

Answer 13

Can also mean movement of water and ions from ECF to lumen

Question 14

What is motility?

Answer 14

Movement of material through the GI tract as a result of muscle contraction
Two purposes:
-Move food from mouth to anus
-Mechanically mixing food breaks it into uniformly small particles

Question 15

Where do slow waves originate?

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the 3 types of contractions in the GI tract

Answer 16

Question 17

What regulates GI function?

Answer 17

Question 18

How is the ENS similar to the CNS

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain ENS reflexes

Answer 19

Question 20

What are GI peptides

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the GI hormones, their stimulus/targets and effects

Answer 21

Gastrin family:
-Gastrin
-Cholecystokinin

Secretin family:
-Secretin
-Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
-Gastric inhibitory peptide (glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide)
-Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Other:
-Motilin

Question 22

What are the three phases of integrated function

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the cephalic phase

Answer 23

Question 24

Explain secretion of saliva

Answer 24

Question 25

Explain deglutition/swallowing

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe gastresophageal reflux disease (heartburn)

Answer 26