Digestive System

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of the digestive system

Answer 1

1. Ingestion (swallowing + peristalsis)
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Defecation (removal of undigested material)

Question 2

What happens in digestion

Answer 2

The physical (by teeth) and chemical (by enzymes) breakdown of food into nutrients (unit molecules) small enough to diffuse into cells

Question 3

What happens during absorption

Answer 3

Diffusion and active transport of nutrients into blood

Question 4

Saliva contains

Answer 4

Mucus (to make food slippery to swallow)

Hydrology enzymes salivary amylase (breaks down starch to maltose and makes food taste better)

Question 5

Peristalsis

Answer 5

Wave like contractions in the esophagus that push food to the stomach

Question 6

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 6

Entrance to the stomach which prevents food from leaving the stomach back into the espopagus

Question 7

When does heart burn occur

Answer 7

When acid escapes through the cardiac sphincter into the esophagus

Question 8

What does gastric juice contain and where is it found

Answer 8

In the stomach
1. HCl (makes it acidic)
2. Mucus (protects stomach wall from HCl)
3. Pepsinogen

Question 9

What causes an ulcer

Answer 9

The digestion of proteins in the stomach cell membranes

Question 10

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 10

The sphincter that acid chyme passes through to go from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 11

Epiglottis

Answer 11

Closes entrance to trachea (windpipe) so that food doesn’t enter

Question 12

Why is E. coli found In the colon helpful

Answer 12

Helps breakdown some undigested and produce vitamins and amino acids for our use

Question 13

Major function of the colon

Answer 13

Absorbs water

Question 14

Function of the stomach

Answer 14

Store food and digest protiens

Question 15

Bile

Answer 15

Breaks down fat (inc. surface area)
Liver produces it
Gall bladder stores it
Enters through the duodenum

Question 16

Emulsifies

Answer 16

When fat disperse in water

Question 17

Soft palate

Answer 17

Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Question 18

Uvula

Answer 18

Provides gag reflex
deflects large food

Question 19

Pancreas’s

Answer 19

Secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct

Question 20

What is pancreatic juice made up of

Answer 20

1. Sodium bicarbonate
2. Amylase
3. Lipase
4. Trypsin

Question 21

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 21

Neutralizes acid chyme to a pH of 8
Provides a good pH for the pancreatic enzymes

Question 22

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 22

Continues breakdown of starch to maltose (started in the mouth)

Question 23

Lipase

Answer 23

Breaks down fat to fatty acids and glycerol
helped by the emulsification of fat into smaller droplets by bile

Question 24

Trypsin

Answer 24

Continues to break down protein into peptides which was started in the stomach

Question 25

What is the first nutrient to be broken down

Answer 25

Fats

Question 26

Intestinal juice

Answer 26

Produced by cells lining the small intestine
Includes enzymes needed to finish breaking down proteins and carbohydrates

Question 27

What are the parts of your small intestine

Answer 27

Duodenum - digestion
Jejunum - absorption
Ileum - absorption

Question 28

Villi

Answer 28

Nutrients are absorbed through the villi (tiny folds in the surface of small intestines)

Question 29

Liver - 6 major functions

Answer 29

1. Produce bile
2. Destroy old red blood cells and converts hemoglobin breakdown products which become part of bile
3. Stores glucose as glycogen after eating and breaks down glycogen to glucose between eating. Maintains blood glucose level ~0.1%
4. Detoxifies blood by removing and metabolizing poisonous substances like alcohol
5. Produces blood proteins like some blood clotting proteins
6. Produces urea, deaminates amino acids, removal of amine group forming NH3 (NH3 becomes urea)(amino acids can become glucose in emergency)

Question 30

What is absorbed by the lacteals

Answer 30

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

Digestion of digested food products occurs in the

Answer 31

Small intestine

Question 32

What nutrients can be absorbed by the villi

Answer 32

Monosaccharides