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Bio 12 > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of vacuoles

A

Storage of materials and water

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2
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes

A

Contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion and cell destruction (suicide bags)

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Control center of the cell - controls metabolic functioning of cell and determines cell characteristics

Contains chromatins - DNA & RNA

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

To protect the cell

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5
Q

Why is a cell membrane described as semipermeable

A

Only allows specific molecules to pass through

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6
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Power house of the cell

Site of many chemical reactions involved of energy (ATP) production

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7
Q

What is the function of SER

A

Where steroid hormones and some carbohydrates are synthesized

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8
Q

Function of the RER

A

Where protein folding occurs

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9
Q

Function of the golgi

A

Repackaging center, stores, modifies and packages proteins for export out of the cell

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10
Q

Where are lysosomes made

A

Type of vesicle made at golgi

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11
Q

What is the function of lysosomes

A

Suicide bags - release enzymes to destroy cell

Attach to vacuoles and release hydrolysis enzymes to digest contents of vacuole

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12
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Storage cite

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13
Q

Vesicles functions

A

Transport vesicles: transport polypeptides from ER to Golgi

Secretory vesicles: transport product to cell membrane from the Golgi for secretion out of the cell (exocytosis)

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14
Q

Flagella function

A

A whip like tail used for motility
Ex. Human sperm

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15
Q

Cilia function

A

Used mainly as sweepers in the human body

Found in the trachea and bronchi and fallopian tubes

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16
Q

How do u increase the surface area to volume ratio in the cell

A

By folding

17
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from and area of high to low concentration until the molecules are equally distributed

18
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water molecules from and area of high to low concentration across a differently permeable membrane

19
Q

How to increase the rate of diffusion

A

Increase temperature
Smaller molecules
Increase the concentration gradient

20
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure generated by osmotic flow of water

21
Q

Tonicity

A

Refers to the concentration of solutes in a solution

22
Q

Hypertonic

A

Has a greater concentration of solute and lesser concentration of solvent

23
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution that has a lesser concentration of solute and greater concentration of solvent

24
Q

Isotonic

A

Concentration of solute is the same in 2 or more solutions

25
Q

Lysis

A

Swelling of cell

26
Q

Crenated

A

Shrivelling of cell

27
Q

Active transport

A

Energy required
May move substances against concentration gradient

28
Q

Endocytosis

A

Brings substance into the cell, uses cell membrane to form vesicle, requires ATP

29
Q

Exocytosis

A

Substance secreted from cell when vesicle fuses with inner side of cell membrane

Requires ATP

30
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis - cell eating
Pinocytosis - cell drinking

31
Q

Function of the nucleolus

A

Where rRNA is produced

32
Q

Chromatins

A

The genetic material of the cell
Made of DNA and proteins

33
Q

Glycolipids

A

Carbohydrates attached to phospholipids

34
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Carbohydrates attached to embedded protein

35
Q

Cholesterol

A

Helps maintain structure and fluidity of membrane

36
Q

Ribosomes function

A

Produce proteins
Attached - for export outside the cell
Free- to be used inside the cell

Bio 12 (5 decks)

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