Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

1) Ingestion
2) Digestion (mechanical and Chemical)
3) Absorption
4) defecation

Question 2

The liver secretes

Answer 2

Bile

Question 3

Small intestine divided into

Answer 3

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 4

Large intestine divided into

Answer 4

• colon
• sacrum
• rectum

Question 5

Digestive tract tissue layers

Answer 5

1) Mucosa
2) Sub-mucosa
3) Muscular layer
4) Serosa

Question 6

Mucosa divided into

Answer 6

1) mucosa epithelium
2) Lumina propria
3) Muscularis

Question 7

Lumen

Answer 7

inner tube of the digestive tract

Question 8

Circular folds

Answer 8

deep ridges in the digestive tract that allow nutrients to be captured

Question 9

Mesentery

Answer 9

attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 10

Enteric Nervous system

Answer 10

part of the autonomic nervous system that manages the digestive system

Question 11

epitelium

Answer 11

the outer surface of the digestive tract

Question 12

submucosa

Answer 12

layer of tissue underneath the mucosa contains neural plexus

Question 13

Muscular layer sections

Answer 13

1) circular layer
2) myenteric plexus
3) Longitudinal muscle

Question 14

The function of the muscular layer

Answer 14

peristaltic movements

Question 15

Serosa is made of

Answer 15

connective tissue

Question 16

Amylase is secreted by the

Answer 16

pancreas

Question 17

in the mouth, Amylase breaks carbs into

Answer 17

Disaccharides and Trissacharides

Question 18

Maltase/ lactase/ sucrase are responsible for

Answer 18

degrade complex carbs to mono saccharides

Question 19

Carbs are digested in the

Answer 19

mouth and small intestine

Question 20

How do monosaccharides get into the bloodstream?

Answer 20

passive diffusion

Question 21

Protein digestion occurs in the

Answer 21

stomach and small intestine

Question 22

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by

Answer 22

HCl lowers the pH in the stomach to 1.5-2

Question 23

Pepsin breaks proteins to

Answer 23

polypeptides

Question 24

pancreatic peptides convert polypeptides to

Answer 24

amino acids and short peptides

Question 25

Amino acids enter the bloodstream via

Answer 25

facilitated and passive diffusion

Question 26

Lipids are converted to

Answer 26

triglycerides

Question 27

lingual lipase degrades lipids to

Answer 27

monoglycerides

Question 28

What percentage of lipids are degraded in the mouth

Answer 28

approx 20%

Question 29

Monoglycerides and fatty acids are converted to Micelles in the small intestine via

Answer 29

Bile and Pancreatic lipase

Question 30

Micelles are converted to triglycerides which break down into

Answer 30

• cholesterol
• vitamins
• proteins
• stemids

Question 31

The components of triglycerides convert to Chylomicron which enters the bloodstream via

Answer 31

Exocytosis

Question 32

The pancreas secretes

Answer 32

1. amylase
2. Lipase
3. Peptidase
4. nuclease

Question 33

The most important cells in the pancreas

Answer 33

Alpha and beta cells (antagonists)

Question 34

Pancreatic lobes make up what percent of the pancreas

Answer 34

99%

Question 35

function of the Acini in pancreatic lobes

Answer 35

produce enzymes

Question 36

function of duct cells in pancreatic lobes

Answer 36

produces bicarbonate

Question 37

Islet of Langerhans secrete enzymes directly into the

Answer 37

bloodstream

Question 38

Pancreatic duct branches into

Answer 38

Main pancreatic duct
accessory pancreatic duct

Question 39

Pancreatic duct leads into the

Answer 39

duodenum

Question 40

The bile duct from the liver leads into the

Answer 40

pancreatic duct

Question 41

The sphincter of Oddy controls the

Answer 41

entrance of the pancreatic duct to the duodenum

Question 42

Exocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 42

• pancreatic enzyme secretion
• increase pH via bicarbonate

Question 43

Endocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 43

Islets of Langerhans secrete enzymes directly into the blood

Question 44

types of cells in the islets of Langerhans

Answer 44

Alpha cells
beta cells
delta cells
F cells

Question 45

Type 1 diabetes is

Answer 45

genetic disorder where the body doesn’t secrete insulin

Question 46

type 2 diabetes is

Answer 46

when tissues become resistant to insulin overtime from high sugar intake

Question 47

alpha cells secrete

Answer 47

glucagon

Question 48

Beta cells secrete

Answer 48

Insulin

Question 49

Glucagon causes effects in the liver like

Answer 49

Hypoglycemia
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis

Question 50

Insulin causes effects in the liver line

Answer 50

hyper glycemia
glycogenosis
protein synthesis
increased amino acid uptake

Question 51

Glucagon affects adipose tissue how

Answer 51

causing lipolysis

Question 52

Insulin causes what in adipose tissue

Answer 52

lipogenesis

Question 53

Insulin causes skeletal muscle to exhibit

Answer 53

glycogenosis
increase in protein synthesis

Question 54

glucagon causes the skeletal muscle to exhibit

Answer 54

decrease in protein synthesis

Question 55

how does insulin affect the glucose levels in the blood

Answer 55

decreases glucose in the blood by storing it in the body

Question 56

how does glucagon affect the glucose levels in the blood?

Answer 56

increases the glucose levels in the blood.