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Pelvis and Abdomen A&P > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

adventitia (outer)

A

organs covered by a serous membrane- peritoneum

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2
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

largest serous membrane which has a double layer closed sad which contains serous fluid, it has a rich supply of blood vessels and lymph vessels. Invaginated arrangement, so pushes below, behind and above

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3
Q

role of peritoneum

A

barrier against local infection
serous fluid prevents friction, this is secreted by periteal cells

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4
Q

describe the peritoneum in males and females

A

cavity is closed in males
females the uterine tubes opens into, with the ovaries being the only thing within

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5
Q

where about the pelvic organs covered

A

ONLY superiorly

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6
Q

describe the stomach and intestine regarding the peritoneum

A

they are almost entirely covered, which have a double fold (mesentry) which attaches to the post wall, this extends to the greater curvature of the stomach

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7
Q

greater omentum

A

stores fat for insulation and energy

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8
Q

retroperitoneal

A

only covered on the anterior surface
pancreas, spleen, adrenal gland and kidneys

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9
Q

what organ is nearly entirely covered

A

liver, attaches to the inf surface of the diaphragm

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10
Q

what is found in the peritoneum

A

main blood vessels and nerves pass close to the posterior abdominal wall, which send impulses to organs between the peritoneal folds

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11
Q

secretion

A

substances secretes into the canal where they pass from the ducts to the tracts

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12
Q

visceral

A

covers organs within abdominal and pelvic cavities

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13
Q

parietal

A

lines the abdominal wall

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14
Q

peritoneum function

A

supports abdominal organs in cavity
pathway of vessels and lymph to pass to and from organs
protection against inflammation through LN
fat store

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15
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

duodenum
kidney
ureters
IVC
rectum
adrenal gland
pancreas (not tail)
oesophagus

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16
Q

intraperitoneal

A

fully enclosed by the peritoneum extends to the posterior wall of sac remains tethered to the posterior wall by the double fold - lack movement

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17
Q

digestion

A

release its constituents: AA, minerals, salts, fats and vitamins
enzymes are secreted by specialised glands inside and out of the canal

18
Q

ingestion

A

consumption of food at the alimentary canal

19
Q

absorption

A

digested food which travels and passes into the blood and lymph capillaries for circulation and for body cells
nutrients can manufacture new cells, hormones and enzymes

20
Q

elimination

A

removal of undigested food, defecation

21
Q

ascites

A

build up of serous fluid in cavity

22
Q

lesser omentum

A

stomach and 1st part of duodenum, suspended by the lower surface of the Uber by a double fold of peritoneum

23
Q

greater omentum role

A

gastrointestinal -immunity
minimising spread of intraperiotneal infections hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach in front of abdominal organs

24
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

two peritoneum layers cover the transverse colon, passing to the posterior abdominal wall, holds the colon in place

25
Q

SI mesentry

A

arises from the mesentry root, the fold fans out to be attached to the SI, which has high blood supply, venous drainage and lymphatics

26
Q

muscle layer

A

two layers
outer layer: longitudinal
inner: circular fibres
between the two are fibres, nerves and blood vessels
mesenteric plexus, supplies the smooth muscle and the blood vessels

27
Q

what is peristalsis under the influence of

A

para and sympathetic vessels

28
Q

mucosa

A
  1. mucous membrane: columnar epithelium: protection, secretion, absorption
  2. lamina propria: loose connective tissue which supports blood vessels fro nourishments and protection against microbes due to lymphoid tissue
  3. muscular mucosa: outer layer of smooth muscle
29
Q

sub mucosa

A

loose areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibres which binds to the muscular layer if the mucosa. the vessels have varying amounts of lymphoid tissue
the nerve plexus is the submucosal plexus which contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

30
Q

what is found in wear and tear regions

A

layer of stratified epithelium with mucus secreting glands

31
Q

where is columnar epithelium found

A

areas of secretion and absorption with goblet cells interspersed, mucus lubricates the wall providing a barrier against enzymes

32
Q

why is there lymphoid tissue under epithelium

A

to aid protection due to the digestive juices containing enzymes which cause chemical digestion

33
Q

stomach digestion time

A

4-6 hours

34
Q

SI digestion time

A

5-6

35
Q

large intestine

A

12-24 hours

36
Q

parasympathetic

A

one pair of cranial nerves, the vagus nerves supplies most of the canal and accessory organs. Sacral nerves supply most of the distal parts of the tract

37
Q

parasympathetic effects

A

increased muscular activity, peristalsis through increased activity in the myenteric plexus

38
Q

sympathetic

A

provided by numerous nerves which emerge from the spinal cord.
these form the ganglia in the thorax, pelvis and abdomen, which pass through into organs in the alimentary tract

39
Q

sympathetic stimulation

A

decrease in muscular activity, peristalsis will decrease
decrease in glandular secretion less stimulation from submucosal plexus

40
Q

what happens if the lining is damaged

A

absorption is less efficient so nutrients can’t be absorbed = loss of weight

41
Q

functions in lower GI

A

ingestion: maximises contact with surfaces
digestion: mechanical and chemical (mechanical: large molecules are hydrolysed to small ones so can be absorbed)
absorption and metabolism: nutrients pass into the bloodstream
storage and excretion: undigested and unabsorbed
defence: non specific, prevent against infection

Pelvis and Abdomen A&P (12 decks)

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