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Module 100 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through villi into blood

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2
Q

Amino acid

A

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that digests starch

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4
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack or loss of appetite

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5
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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6
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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7
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek

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8
Q

Cec/o

A

Combining form for the first part of the large intestine

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9
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine (colon)

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10
Q

Celi/o

A

The abdomen

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11
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder

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12
Q

Cholecystitis

A

A condition characterized by the inflammation of the gallbladder

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13
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease resulting from alcoholism and malnutrition

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14
Q

Colon

A

Large intestine

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15
Q

Colostomy

A

New opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body

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16
Q

Defecation

A

Removal of waste material from the body

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17
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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18
Q

Diverticula

A

Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ, such as the intestine

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine

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20
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful inflammation of intestines often caused by bacterial infection

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21
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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22
Q

Emulsification

A

Process of breaking up large fat globules

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23
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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24
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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25
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested

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26
Q

Feces

A

Solid wastes; stools

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27
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

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28
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of gums

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29
Q

Gloss/o

A

Tongue

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30
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar; necessary as a source of energy for body cells

31
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch; stored sugar

32
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region

33
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by type A,B, or C virus

34
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged liver

35
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Chemical produced by the stomach to aid digestion

36
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the cause of disease

37
Q

Incisor

A

One of the four front teeth

38
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the pancreas

39
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine

40
Q

Ileus

A

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

41
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestine

42
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress, but without inflammation of the intestines

43
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow coloration of the skin

44
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen, abdominal wall

45
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Lesions in the mouth that present as thickened, white patches that cannot be rubbed off

46
Q

Lingu/o

A

Pertaining to the tongue

47
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

48
Q

Mastication

49
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood

50
Q

Or/o

51
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

52
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

53
Q

Papillae

A

Small elevations on the surface of the tongue; contains taste buds

54
Q

Parotid gland

A

Secretes enzymes into the mouth

55
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Sore or lesion of the mucous membrane in the stomach or duodenum

56
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscular wave-like movement to transport food through the digestive system

57
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

58
Q

Pharynx

59
Q

Portal vein

A

Blood vessel bringing blood to the liver

60
Q

Postprandial

A

After mealtime

61
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digests proteins

62
Q

Pulp

A

Part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels

63
Q

Regurgitation

A

Backward flowing, ex. Vomiting

64
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

65
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

66
Q

Stomat/o

67
Q

Stomatitis

A

Any inflammation of the lining of any of the soft-tissue structures of the mouth

68
Q

Triglycerides

A

Large fat molecules

69
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the large bowel with ulcers

70
Q

Ulcers

A

A lesion that is eroding away the skin or mucous membrane

71
Q

Uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate, at the back of the mouth

72
Q

Villi

A

Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine

73
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine

Module 100 (11 decks)

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