Digestive System Flashcards
What does the digestive system do? (2 points)
Collect all nutrients for energy and growth
Input water into our bodies
Enlogated structure in our body (tubes and fibers)
GI Tract
GI stands for…
Gastrointestinal
How many days can you survive without food?
1-2 weeks
How many days can you survive without water?
2-3 days
Gastro means
Stomach
General functions of GI Tract
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Excretion
The simple process of putting food in your body (through mouth)
Ingestion
Digestion
The most complex process in the digestive system
Breaks down food into molecules for energy and growth
What are the two types of digestion
- Mechanical digestion
- Chemical digestion
Mechanical digestion is
The physical breakdown of food exposes more surface areas for chemicals to be broken down easier
Increases efficiency
Chemical digestion
Uses enzymes, specialized proteins, to break down food using chemical reactions (acid)
GI TRACT ORGANS
mouth (salivary glands, teeth, tongue)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
Accessory organs include:
In between stomach and small intestine
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Mouth and teeth
Responsible for mechanical digestion and ingestion
Salivary glands
Lubricates good to slide down esophagus
Includes enzymes that breaks down carbs
The space at the back of your throat where food and air share space
Pharynx
Flap that closes trachea that prevents food from going towards lungs. If this fails you choke.
Epiglottis
What muscle is the Gi tract composed of?
Smooth muscle
Functions of Peristalsis
Moves food through contraction
Helps mechanical digestion by mixing food around in tract
Does gravity move food to our stomach
Although it does help it is not the only factor
Stomach
J shaped
Attached to esophagus
First major step in Chem digestion (contains HCl)
Lined with acid proof mucous layer
RUGAE
highly folded interior of stomach
Where mucus and digestive enzymes are located
SMALL INTESTINE
most chemical digestion takes place
Secrets enzymes and has sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
Connected to accessory organs
Helps with mechanical digestion
LARGE INTESTINE
Absorbs minerals, vitamins, and water too create solid fecal matter
Also known as gut or colon
Appendix
Dead pouch or replenishes good bacteria
Rectum and Anus
R- Connects to large intestine and anus
Exit point if digestive tract
Where does excretion take place
Rectum and anus
Are accessory organs associated with Gi tract?
Yes; however, food does not pass through them
Responsible for secreting substances into GI tract to help with digestion
Largest organ and created bile for fat digestion (fats emulsifies to mix with water)
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder - which secretes bile into small intestine
What is bile composed of
Minerals
Salts
That emulsifies fats
Pancreas
Creates a large number of enzymes
regulates blood sugar
Interior wall do small intestine
Villi
Condition that occurs suddenly
Acute
Chronic
Affects patient over a long extended period of time
Are many digestive systems disorders chronic?
Yes affects their quality of life
Disorders of stomach: gastroenteritis
- stomach flu
- intestines get swollen with virus or bacteria
- swelling in stomach
- certain species of bacteria may secrete toxins that affect intestines ability to absorb water
If water is secreting into intestines = shit
-drink liquids with sugar/salts - may need IV
Antibiotics
Fecal transplants
Stomach ulcers
Holes burned in stomach bc of stomach acid (when stomach lining fails to protect)
Could cause bleeding
Treatment is actacids
Heliobacter pylori weakens stomach lining
Vomit when eating
Fecal matter may help
GERD - gastroesphogeal reflux disease
Heatburn
Acid burns proteins/muscles in espoughus
Treatment: surgery/ sleeping sitting up/medicine to neutralize/antacids shut down proton pumps
Smk
Kms
