Biology (2.1- 2.7)

Question 1

What 2 characteristics must organisms fulfill

Answer 1

1. Must be able to reproduce independently
2. Must use energy in the form of food or from and external source

Question 2

What is a cell

Answer 2

A cell is the basic unit if life, structure, and function. All organisms must be made up of at least 1 cell

Question 3

Basic unit of structure

Answer 3

Cells are the basic “bricks” that make up living things

Question 4

Basic unit of function

Answer 4

Cells are like “little factories” that do all the work in living things
Ex. Each cell is the liver detoxifies blood, not the liver itself

Question 5

Structure

Answer 5

ANATOMY
The shape of an organism or part of an organism. Understanding how something is shaped often helps us understand it’s function.

Question 6

Function

Answer 6

PHYSIOLOGY
how a system in an organism, or the organism itself works. How the cells/organisms do their jobs

Question 7

Hierarchy of structure (bottom to top)

Answer 7

Organismal level
Organ system level
Organ level
Tissue level
Cellular level
(Water molecule)
Chemical level

Question 8

Two different types of cell

Answer 8

1. Prokaryotic: do not I close their DNA
2. Eukaryotic: encloses DNA in the nucleus

Question 9

What is DNA

Answer 9

a large organic molecule that codes the information on how to build living things

Question 10

Are cells thinking things

Answer 10

NO although they can do work, all the work is carried out by molecules, and random movements that are helped by molecular forces (positive and negative charges)

Question 11

What is diffusion

Answer 11

Due to the natural movement of particles in a substance any concentration of a substance in two liquids mixed together is IMPOSSIBLE
they will naturally spread out and intermix together

Question 12

Why is diffusion in cells important

Answer 12

It is generally how materials get from one part of the cell to another

Question 13

Why is diffusion easier for prokaryotic cells

Answer 13

It is because prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells so molecules don’t have to live very far.
As the cell becomes bigger diffusion slows down affecting the cells ability to function. (If a cell cant get the materials it needs, it can’t do it’s job)

Question 14

Can eukaryotic cells carry out diffusion

Answer 14

NO they cannot because they are much larger than prokaryotic cells

Question 15

Eukaryotic cells expand their size by co opting smaller prokaryotic cells. THIS CREATES

Answer 15

Functional division
The interior of the eukaryotic cell is compartmentalized to carry out diff functions

Question 16

What are cells filled with

Answer 16

CYTOPLASM
mainly water but also contains dissolved nutrients (sugars, proteins, and salts)

Question 17

The cell membrane (3 points)

Answer 17

• oil layer combined with proteins
• can change it’s shape and control what comes in and out of a cell
• acts as a barrier separating different areas of water

Question 18

Phospholipids

Answer 18

Specialized oil molecules that form the skin of the cell and organelles

Question 19

Plant cells organelles

Answer 19

Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Chromatin
Nucleus
Nuclear pore
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
VESICLE
Ribosomes
Lysosome
Golgi body
RER
SER

Question 20

Animal cell organelles

Answer 20

Nucleus
Nuclear pore
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Ribosome
Lysosome
VESICLE
Golgi body
SER
RER
Centrioles
Cytoplasm
Plasma/cell membrane

Question 21

Cell wall (3 points)

Answer 21

• Made of cellulose
• armour for plants
• prevents the cell membrane from rupturing (turgor pressure)

Question 22

Nucleus (2 points)

Answer 22

• where the DNA is stored
• connected to the ER

Question 23

Ribosomes (4 points)

Answer 23

• made of RNA
• worker of the cell do the cells job
• copy DNA into RNA
• located in the ER making it the RER

Question 24

ER (3 points)

Answer 24

• branches away from the nucleus
  -acts as a transportation system by decreasing the volume of space the material has to diffuse through
• instead of travelling through the whole cell it travels through the narrow pathways of the ER

Question 25

Golgi body (2 points)

Answer 25

• connected to the SER through vesicles
• preps and packages proteins for delivery outside of the cell

Question 26

Vesicles (3 points)

Answer 26

• bubbles of membrane that move substances through cells
• export import of store materials
• can have specialized features

Question 27

Lysosome (2 points)

Answer 27

• contains digestive enzymes or acid
• brakes down waste and digests food

Question 28

Vacuole (2 points)

Answer 28

• storage vesicle
• in plant cells they are very large to sore water that created turgor pressure

Question 29

Mitochondria (2 points)

Answer 29

• creates biochemical energy
• users concentration gradients to create energy
• converts glucose to ATP so the cell can use it as energy

Question 30

Chloroplast

Answer 30

• converts sunlight to ATP
• only found in plant cells
• forms sap
• allows conservation of energy during times with little sun

Question 31

Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide and water =sugar oxygen PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Sugar and oxygen = carbon dioxide, water and energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Question 32

How do cells begin

Answer 32

Cells start as stem cells

Question 33

Red blood cells (5 points)

Answer 33

Biconcave disk (no nucleus)
Carry oxygen and travel through the blood stream
Shape allows them to fold and fit into small areas
Take sup less space
Travel single file

Question 34

Muscle cells (5 points)

Answer 34

Stripes or striated
Long
Pulls on bones like ropes
Extend = stretch
Flex = compress

Question 35

Skin cells (4 points)

Answer 35

Largest organ
Looks like bricks
First line of défense from infection
Squamous (flattened square)

Question 36

Neurons (3 points)

Answer 36

Stellate (star shaped)
Branch out and connect to other neurons
Preform calculations and process information