Biology (2.1- 2.7) Flashcards
What 2 characteristics must organisms fulfill
- Must be able to reproduce independently
- Must use energy in the form of food or from and external source
What is a cell
A cell is the basic unit if life, structure, and function. All organisms must be made up of at least 1 cell
Basic unit of structure
Cells are the basic “bricks” that make up living things
Basic unit of function
Cells are like “little factories” that do all the work in living things
Ex. Each cell is the liver detoxifies blood, not the liver itself
Structure
ANATOMY
The shape of an organism or part of an organism. Understanding how something is shaped often helps us understand it’s function.
Function
PHYSIOLOGY
how a system in an organism, or the organism itself works. How the cells/organisms do their jobs
Hierarchy of structure (bottom to top)
Organismal level
Organ system level
Organ level
Tissue level
Cellular level
(Water molecule)
Chemical level
Two different types of cell
- Prokaryotic: do not I close their DNA
- Eukaryotic: encloses DNA in the nucleus
What is DNA
a large organic molecule that codes the information on how to build living things
Are cells thinking things
NO although they can do work, all the work is carried out by molecules, and random movements that are helped by molecular forces (positive and negative charges)
What is diffusion
Due to the natural movement of particles in a substance any concentration of a substance in two liquids mixed together is IMPOSSIBLE
they will naturally spread out and intermix together
Why is diffusion in cells important
It is generally how materials get from one part of the cell to another
Why is diffusion easier for prokaryotic cells
It is because prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells so molecules don’t have to live very far.
As the cell becomes bigger diffusion slows down affecting the cells ability to function. (If a cell cant get the materials it needs, it can’t do it’s job)
Can eukaryotic cells carry out diffusion
NO they cannot because they are much larger than prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells expand their size by co opting smaller prokaryotic cells. THIS CREATES
Functional division
The interior of the eukaryotic cell is compartmentalized to carry out diff functions