digestive system Flashcards
functions of digestive system
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients
Excretion of waste
2 types of bowel movements
Mixing Movements:
mix food with digestive juices
Propelling Movements:
called peristalsis; pushes food down the tube
mouth
begins digestion by chewing and mixing with saliva
tongue
moves food, connects to floor of mouth via frenulum
amylase
enzyme breaks down starch into sugars\
esophagus
muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach.
four regions of the stomach
the cardia, fundus, body and pylorus.
pyloric canal
which connects to the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying
stomach lining
mucus prevents stomach from digesting self, small opening called gastric pits contain glands
pepsin
most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food
mechanical digestion
Food being broken down in smaller pieces
chemical digestion
Substances in our digestive organs are released that change food particles into particles that are chemically different
chyme
he semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person’s stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum.
small intestine
primary digestive organ in the body.
duodenum
which begins at the pyloric sphincter. Just past the pyloric sphincter, it bends posteriorly behind the peritoneum, becoming retroperitoneal, and then makes a C-shaped curve around the head of the pancreas before ascending anteriorly again to return to the peritoneal cavity and join the jejunum
jejunum
runs from the duodenum to the ileum. Jejunum means “empty” in Latin and supposedly was so named by the ancient Greeks who noticed it was always empty at death.
ileum
large intestine frames these three parts of the small intestine
large intestine
turns food waste into stool and passes it from the body when you poop.
colon
start of large intestine, has an attached appendix
rectum
stores waste before it is expelled from the body
anus
muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste
function of large intestine
Secretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion, defecation
bristol stool chart
Diagnostic medical tool designed to classify the form of human feces into seven categories.
liver
accessory digestive organ, it plays a number of roles in metabolism and regulation
gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when it is needed by the small intestine.
pancreas
responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
