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Life Science > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the importance of food

A
  • We get our energy from our food so that we can perform various functions every day.
  • We all need/needed to grow.
  • Our bodies need to repair themselves and replace worn out tissue.
  • Our bodies need nutrients for the immune system to work.
  • We need various minerals from our food to regulate various functions.
  • It is an enjoyable activity.
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2
Q

What are the two main categories food is divided into?

A

Inorganic and organic food

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3
Q

What is organic food

A

Organic food is made by living organisms, mostly plants and always have the element carbon in its structure. All life is carbon based.

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4
Q

What is inorganic food

A

Inorganic food is found naturally on Earth and with the exception of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, do not contain the element carbon.

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5
Q

Give examples of organic nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids (fats and oils), Fibre and Vitamins.

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6
Q

Give examples of inorganic nutrients

A

Water and Mineral salts

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7
Q

What are sources of protein

A

Meat, eggs, fish, nuts

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8
Q

What is the function of protein

A

form part of our cell membranes and are responsible for many of their functions, all the microtubules in our cells that make our muscles contract, and our hair and nails. It can be used for energy and many vitamins, antibodies, essential for our immune system and all enzymes are protein.

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9
Q

What are the sources of fats

A

Butter , cooking oil, cream

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10
Q

What is the function of fats

A
  • form the main part of our cell membranes
  • protect many organs
  • all the steroid hormones are fats
  • fat soluble vitamins cannot be absorbed unless there is fat
  • vitamin D is made from fats
  • humans store their excess energy as fats, it is a very good source of energy
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11
Q

What are sources of carbohydrates

A

Bread, potatoes, cereals, wheat, maize

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12
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates

A

In plants carbohydrates form part of the structure of plants (cell wall) and is the main form of energy storage.
Starch is not stored in animal bodies, but is the quickest form of food to burn as energy.

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13
Q

What is source of water

A

Water

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14
Q

What is the function of water

A
  • To keep our bodies cool (perspiration)
  • all chemical reactions take place in water
  • we need mineral salts to dissolve in our body before we can use them
  • the blood needs water to be able transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide etc
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15
Q

What are sources of fibre

A

Vegetables, fruit, cereal

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16
Q

What are the functions of fibre

A
  • it is indigestible thus it provides something for the walls of the gut to contract against once all the nutrients have been absorbed (peristalsis)
  • it slows down the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream
  • provides nutrition for the good gut bacteria
  • prevents constipation when taken with enough water
  • cleans out colon and helps prevent colon cancer
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17
Q

What are the sources of vitamins

A

Vegetables, fruit, cereal

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18
Q

What is the function of vitamin A

A

To produce mucous membranes thus preventing allergies, sunburn and blindness

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19
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin A

A

Fat-soluble vitamin

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20
Q

What is the function of vitamin C

A

Essential for our immune system and helps to keep our skin supple by keeping collagen intact

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21
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin C

A

A water soluble vitamin

22
Q

What is the function of vitamin B

A

A complex of vitamins that helps maintain our metabolism and essential for nervous function

23
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin B

A

A water soluble vitamin

24
Q

What is the difference between a water soluble and fat soluble vitamin

A

A fat soluble vitamin can be stored for longer periods of time in our bodies unlike water soluble vitamins which need to be replenished often

25
Q

What is the function of vitamin D

A

It is necessary for the absorption of calcium for bones and teeth, recent studies have found it is also important for our immune system

26
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin D

A

It is a fat soluble vitamin

27
Q

What is the function of vitamin K

A

Needed for blood clotting and keeping arteries and veins supple

28
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin K

A

A fat soluble vitamin

29
Q

What are sources of minerals

A

Meat, seafood, eggs, vegetables, nuts and sea salt

30
Q

What is the function of sodium (Na)

A

Needed for muscle contraction and nerve impulses

31
Q

What is the function of Iron (Fe)

A

Needed to make the red pigment haemoglobin in our red blood cells

32
Q

What is the function of calcium (Ca)

A

Needed to build strong bones and teeth

33
Q

What is the function of Iodine (I)

A

Needed for the thyroid glad to make the hormone thyroxin, which regulates our metabolism

34
Q

What is the function of magnesium (Mg)

A

Needed to help muscle relax, thus preventing muscle cramps… magnesium is the master mineral

35
Q

What are the different stages of digestion

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion

36
Q

What is ingestion

A

The taking of food into the mouth. Once food is available and selected it is taken into the mouth.

37
Q

What is digestion

A

The breaking down of food into soluble molecules along the digestive tract. Large pieces of cod May be digested mechanically and smaller pieces are chemically digested.

38
Q

What is absorption

A

The products of digestion are moved into the bloodstream

39
Q

What is assimilation

A

These molecules are transported to the cells. The cells use the soluble molecules within the cells and they become of the body e.g they are used in the process of respiration to release energy

40
Q

What is egestion

A

The removal of the solid, indigestible food waste from the body

41
Q

What is the function of salivary glands

A

Secretes saliva which softens food into a bolus, makes swallowing easier, contains the enzyme amilase to digest starch

42
Q

What is the function of the tongue

A

Mixes food with saliva, pushes food under teeth, rolls food into a bolus, assists in swallowing

43
Q

What is the function of the œsophagus

A

Pushes food toward the stomach by muscular contraction (peristalsis)

44
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

Secretes enzymes into the duodenum to digest food and insulin into the bloodstream to control levels of glucose in the blood

45
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

Produces bile to assist with digestion of fats, detoxifies all toxins, converts glucose to glycogen for storage if the blood sugar is to high, converts glycogen back to glucose if the blood sugar levels are too low.

46
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder

A

Stores bike produced by the liver

47
Q

What is the function of the bike duct

A

Tube along which the bile is transported to the duodenum

48
Q

What is the function of the small intestine

A

Secretes intestinal juice containing digestive enzymes to digest food, contains villi for absorbing digested food into the bloodstream

49
Q

What are the different parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ilium

50
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

Absorbs water, minerals and vitamins and forms faeces

Life Science (7 decks)

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