Digestive system

Question 1

overall Function

Answer 1

Mechanically and chemically breakdown food and liquids into smaller particles that can be absorbed

Question 2

4 functions

Answer 2

Ingestion: into the mouth and oral cavity

digestion: mechanical (physical), chemical (enzyme)

Absorption: Nurtients absorbed into blood and lymph

Elimination: Waste excretion through anus

Question 3

mastication

Answer 3

chewing / crushing

Question 4

layers of the GI tract and stomach

Answer 4

Mucosa
Submucous
muscularis
serosa

Question 5

Upper GI Tract

Answer 5

oral cavity
pharynx 
esophagus
stomach 
initial part of small intestine

Question 6

lower gastrointestinal tract

Answer 6

small intestine (ileum and jejunum)
large intestine
Accessory digestive organs 
- liver 
- gallbladder
-pancreas

Question 7

Oral cavity and salivary glands

Answer 7

salivary gland secretions mic with ingested food to form a bolus
chemical and mechanical digestion begins

Question 8

pharynx and esophagus

Answer 8

connect the oral cavity to the stomach

swallowing

• voluntary phase
• pharyngeal phase
• esophageal phase

Question 9

stomach

Answer 9

surface mucous cells and muscous neck cells
- secretes acidic fluid containing mucin
[muscin: protects stomach lining]

parietal cell
- secretes intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid
[IF: absorbs vitamin B12, HA creates pepsin]

chief cell
- secretes pepsinogen and gastric liapase
[pepsinogen turns into enzyme pepsin when mixed with hydrochloric acid]

G cells:
- release gastrin (a hormone that stimulates stomach motility (mix and moving) and release of secretions).

Question 10

regulation of digestive processes

Answer 10

Cephalic phase

Gastric phase

Intestinal phase
- CCK and secretin release

Question 11

small intestine function

Answer 11

• mixing chyme with accessory gland secretion
• exposing the chyme to different regions of brush border
• moving small intestine contents toward large intestines

Question 12

large intestines

Answer 12

• watery chime moves in
• LI absorbs water and electrolytes from chyme (leftover forms feces).
• bacteria flora break down complex carbs, protein and lipids.

Question 12

large intestines

Answer 12

• watery chime moves in
• LI absorbs water and electrolytes from chyme (leftover forms feces).
• bacteria flora break down complex carbs, protein and lipids.

Question 13

liver

Answer 13

produce bile to facilitate mechanical digestion of lipids

Question 14

gallbladder

Answer 14

stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

Question 15

pancreas

Answer 15

produce pancreatic juice

- alkaline cocktail of numerous digestive enzymes.

Question 16

carbohydrates

Answer 16

starch

glycogen (amylase)

• maltose
• sucrose
• lactose

Question 17

protein

Answer 17

The stomach denatures protein by protease.

peptides and amino acids are absorbed.

Question 18

fats

Answer 18

triglycerides (ingested)

broken down and emulsified by bile in the stomach and lipase enzyme.

fatty acids and glycerol absorbed

Question 19

catabolic

Answer 19

decomposition

• breakdown of molecules/nutrients into smaller particles
• used by body for fuels and to heat body temperature

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

systhesis

• using simple molecules/ nutrients to form complex one
• form new cells and tissues, store energy.

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

Chemical reactions
- breaking bonds between nutrients, molecules, and reorganization of molecular structure.

• classified as anabolic or catabolic

Question 22

glycolysis

Answer 22

breakdown of glucose within cells cytosol

Question 23

Glycogenesis

Answer 23

Anabolic

- long chains of glucose called glycogen are formed and stored for use

Question 24

Glycogenolysis

Answer 24

catabolic

- Breakdown of glycogen to release stored glucose

Question 25

fat-soluble

Answer 25

Dissolved in fat
absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and enters the lymphatic system.

ADEK (Vitamin A, D, E AND K)

Question 26

water-soluble

Answer 26

Dissolved in water
Easily absorbed in the blood from the digestive tract

[vitamin B 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12 and C]

Question 27

calcium

Answer 27

Bone strength

muscle strength

Question 28

Phosphorus

Answer 28

Energy

Metabolism

Question 29

Potassium

Answer 29

Electrolyte and fluid balance

Question 30

Zinc

Answer 30

Hair and nail stength

Skin

Question 31

sodium

Answer 31

water exctretion

fluid balance