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human anatomy and physiology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure equation

A

PB = CO x Systemic Vascular Resistance

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2
Q

What affects SVR and therefore BP

A 
Blood viscosity (blood thickness)
Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction 
Blood vessel length
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3
Q

Blood Viscosity

A

Increase in BV = increase SVR = BP decreases

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4
Q

Blood vessel length

A

Increase/longer the BVL= Increase SVR= Decrease BP

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5
Q

Blood vessel diameter

A

Vasoconstriction= increase SVR= Decrease BP

Vasodilation = Decrease SVR= Increase BP

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6
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO= HR x SV

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7
Q

What affects CO

A

Stroke volume
- preload (heart muscle stretch before contraction)
[increased preload= increased SV)

  • Afterload (resistance that must be overcome before blood is ejected from ventricle)
    [increase afterload= decrease SV]

-contractility
[increase contractility = increase SV]

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8
Q

Heart sound 1 [lub]

A

Closure of the two atrioventricular valves- bicuspid and tricuspid valves
[ bottom ]

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9
Q

Layers of the Heart wall

A

outer to inner
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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10
Q

heart sound 2 (Dub)

A

Closure of the two semilunar valves – Pulmonary semilunar and Aortic semilunar valve.

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11
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

[Receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to the lungs]

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12
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

Between the left ventricle and Aorta.

[recieves oxygenated blood and pumps to the body]

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13
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Right AV valve = deoxygenated blood from Right atrium and to right ventricle.

Left AV valve = Oxygenated blood from the Left atrium to the left ventricle.

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14
Q

conduction system

A

Heart activity and contraction is initiated by the conduction system [initiated an action potential at the SA node]

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15
Q

ordered structures action potential travels

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. AV bundle
  4. Bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
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16
Q

Electrical events at the SA node

A
17
Q

Cardiac action potential

A
  1. Depolarization
  2. Plateau
  3. Depolarisation
18
Q

depolarization

A
  • voltage-gated NA+ (sodium) channels open
  • membrane potential goes -90mV to 30
  • Sodium rushes into the Nodal cell
19
Q

platea

A
  • voltage-gated k+ ( potassium) opens and potassium moves out cardiac muscle cells.
  • slow voltage-gated Ca+ (calcium) opens and calcium enters cell.
  • this balances the electrical charge and depolarisation is maintained.
20
Q

Repolarization

A
  • Voltage-gated calcium channel close
  • Voltage-gated K= (potassium) channels remain open and K moves out.
  • polarity drops from 10 to -90mV
21
Q

lymphatic system function and structure

A

lymph vessels, lymphatic tissue, and organs that support the cardiovascular and immune system by absorbing interstitial fluid that is not reabsorbed by venous end of capillaries and returning it to venous circulation.

22
Q

Primary lymphatic structure

A

formation and maturation of lymphocytes

  • Red Bone Marrow [produces lymphocytes]
  • Thymus [site of t-lymphocyte maturation]
23
Q

secondary Lymphatic structures

A

House lymphocytes and other immune cells as well as the site to initiate the immune response.
- lymph nodes [filter lymph (fluid) and house lymphocyte cells]
- spleen
- tonsils
lymphatic nodules

23
Q

secondary Lymphatic structures

A

House lymphocytes and other immune cells as well as the site to initiate the immune response.
- lymph nodes [filter lymph (fluid) and house lymphocyte cells]
- spleen
- tonsils [protect against ingested substance]
lymphatic nodules and MALT

24
Q

spleen

A
  • filters blood by removing bacteria and foreign substances, removing old erythrocytes and platelets.
  • storage site for erythrocytes and platelets.
25
Q

Net filtration pressure

A

Difference between hydrostatic pressure and net colloid osmotic pressure.

[positive at the arterial end of the capillary
= filtration out of capillary]

[negative at venous end of the capillary
= reabsorbtion]

26
Q

the lining of the heart

A

Pericardium
Outer = Fibrous pericardium
Middle= Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Inner = Visceral layer of SP (epicardium)

human anatomy and physiology (6 decks)

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