Digestive, Excretory, Endocrine, And Integumentary System Flashcards
Gland
And organ or group of cells that secretes a chemical substance of the body
Hormone
A chemical substance produced by the glands of the endocrine system in order to control specific tissues and organs
Purpose of digestive system?
Similar to respiratory system, prepares needed energy and building supplies for absorption by the cells
Digestive begins in?
Mouth
What breaks up food in mouth?
Teeth, salivary glands, and the tongue
Salivary glands secrete?
Enzymes which prepare food for digestion in stomach
The tongue?
Manipulates food in mouth until it is well lubricates and chewed, it then pushes food into pharynx
Pharynx?
Forms food into small balls, which are pushed into the esophagus
Esophagus?
Transports balls of food into stomach
Stomach?
Mixes food with powerful chemicals to further digestive process, functions as storage tank, holding food until it passes into small intestine
Gastric juices?
Powerful chemicals in stomach, break down food into a thick liquid called chyme.
Small intestine
Secretes salts, acids, and enzymes, which continue breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbs
Digestive juices originate in?
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Nutrients from food are absorbed into?
Bloodstream
How are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?
Through small finger-like nodules on the wall of the small intestine called villi
Chemicals and other substances that cannot be digested by body are?
Passed into the large intestine
Villi in the large intestine?
absorb most of the water and remaining amounts of vitamins and minerals in the food
Undigested substance?
Feces, expelled through anus
Main organ of excretory system?
Kidneys
What is routed to kidneys?
Waste-filed blood, via the renal artery
What filters waste-filled blood in excretory system and what substances are filtered?
Kidneys, removes excess water, salts, uric acid, and chemicals from medications or poisonous substances
Urine
Liquid waste formed from kidneys filtering of waste-filled blood
Urine passes from kidneys to?
Urinary bladder through two tubes called ureters
Urethra
Tube that removes urine from urinary bladder
Excess salt and water are excreted through?
Sweat glands
What is expelled from the body by the lungs?
Carbon dioxide and water vapors
Endocrine system
Regulates body’s metabolism, growth, and functions of sexual organs
Hormones control the functioning of?
Organs
Endocrine system consists of ____ which secrete chemicals directly into the _____
Glands, bloodstream
Main gland of endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
Where is the pituitary gland located?
At the base of the brain
Function of pituitary gland?
Controls and regulates all other glands
Controls body’s rate of growth
Growth hormones act as?
Messengers, telling your bones and tissues to create more cells, thus producing more growth
Other glands of the endocrine system?
Pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands
Integumentary system
The skin
Function of the integumentary system?
Protests the internal organs from harmful bacteria, sunlight, and injury
Largest organ of body?
Skin
Layers of skin
Epidermis and dermis
Epidermis
Outer layer of skin, made up of dead cells and new cells which make the body waterproof, give color of skin, and help maintain the body’s hydration levels
Dermis
Contains blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, and nerve cells which function as sensory receptors
Sweating and goose bumps are actions of the?
Dermis
What channels the waste-filled blood to the excretory system?
The renal artery
