digestive 2 Flashcards
What is heart burn
rritation of upper GI, stomach
Symptoms include:
Heartburn
Flatulence, belching, cramps
Nausea, vomiting (stomach)
Due to eating too much or
too fast, tension, tired,
fat/fried, spicy foods
GASTRITIS
infection of stomach
Symptoms include:
Nausea, vomiting
Diarrhea
Due to food
poisoning, over
eating, excessive
alcohol, infection
Heart burn
Burning sensation in
esophagus or below sternum
(near heart)
Regurgitation stomach
contents due to lying down,
eating too much or too fast,
tension, tired, fat/fried,
spicy foods
Chronic condition of
heartburn is called GERD or
esophageal reflux
→ Antacids, smaller meals,
sitting up after
eating/sleeping
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Peptic ulcers
Occurs in lining of stomach or the first part of
small intestine (duodenum)
Burning pain in upper abdomen, worse on
empty stomach(early AM), nausea/vomiting
(coffee ground emesis/black stools)
Due to Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection
diagnosis by blood or breath test/biopsy
(gastroscopy)
½ adults but not all get ulcers so other factors;
smoking, alcohol, stress, ASA
Serious if bleeding, perforation, scarring
→ Reduce smoking, alcohol, caffeine, ASA
→ Antibiotics, acid suppression drugs
hernias
Intestine pushes through
a weak area of abdominal
muscle
If circulation is impaired,
tissue dies, called
strangulated/incarcerated
Sites groin, umbilicus and
incisions
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Gastrostomy feeding
Surgically inserted tube
through which nutrient
solution flows into stomach
Used when people are
unconscious or can’t
swallow
Important to remain in semi
fowlers after feeding
Avoid dislodging tube
Give skin care @ insertion
site
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HEMORRHOIDS
HEMORRHOIDS
Bulging
veins in lower
rectum or anus
Internal or external
Can be painful/ bleed
Due to constipation/
prolonged sitting
→Treat with increased
fibre & fluid
→Soothing creams
PROLAPSED RECTUM
Bulging
rectum
through the anus
Women > 60 yrs,
multi births
→Avoid constipation
→REPORT TO THE RN
→Do NOT attempt to
correct
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Causees of constipation
Inadequate fibre,
fluids
Excessive use in
laxatives
Altered bowel routines
Immobility
Weakness of muscles
Irregular bowel habits
Emotional tension
Medications
Disease
Aging
Rushed toilet time
Not listening to
body’s readiness
Pain associated with
defecation
cause of diarrhea
Infection, allergies,
chemicals,
medications, too
much fibre, overuse
of laxatives
Crohn’s Disease-
chronic, inflammatory
condition of GI tract
Hep A
Highly
infectious
hepatitis due to virus
in feces
Spread from person to
person by poor hand
washing,
contaminated
equipment in food,
milk, water, shellfish
“Carrier” has virus but
is not ill
Symptoms include:
Headache, fever,
anorexia, nausea &
vomiting, pain over
liver, jaundice
Dark urine, clay
stools
→Gloves, gown
→Vaccination
available
hep b
Serum hepatitis due
to a virus in
blood,
saliva, semen, urine
Mild or serious
disease
Cancer of the liver is
caused by Hepatitis B
in 80% of cases
Symptoms include:
Weak, fatigue, fever,
Chills,
nausea/vomiting,
Dark urine, clay stools
Jaundice, headache
→Universal
precautions
→Vaccination
available
hepc
Virus infection
Spread by direct contact with blood
Caused from blood transfusions,
organ & tissue transplants before
1990
May have no symptoms but long term
effects
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impaction
the result of severe constipation, when you’re unable to regularly pass poop (stool or feces) and it backs up inside your large intestine (colon).
Abdominal cramping and bloating.
Leakage of liquid or sudden episodes of watery diarrhea in someone who has chronic (long-term) constipation.
Rectal bleeding.
Small, semi-formed stools.
Straining when trying to pass stools.
