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Zoology Midterms > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Organism whch only require inorgani compounds absorbe from thei surroundings to provide material for synthesis an growth

A

Autotrophic

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2
Q

Chlorophyll bearing autotrophic organisms

A

Phototrophs

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3
Q

Autotrphs that gain energy from inorganic chemical reactions

A

Chemotrophs

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4
Q

Animals that depend on already synthesized organic coumpounds of plants an other animals.

A

Heterotrophs

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5
Q

What will heterotroh makes use of the materials (food) they obtain?

A

Growth, maintenance and reproduction

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6
Q

Categgories of animals based on diettary habits

A

Herbivorous, Carnivorous, Ominivorous, Saprophagus

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7
Q

Animals feed mainly on herbivores and other carnivores

A

Carnivorous

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8
Q

Animals mainly feed on plant life

A

Herbivorous

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9
Q

Animals feed on on plants an other animal

A

Omnivorous

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10
Q

Animals that feed on decaying matter

A

Saprophagus

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11
Q

Estuaries

A

Division of ocean water and salt water

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12
Q

One of the most important and most widely employes methods of feeding

A

Suspension feeding

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13
Q

Provides ultimat source of energy life

A

Sunlight

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14
Q

Ocean drifting microscopic particles consists of________ and________

A

Plankton and organic debris

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15
Q

USe ciliated surfaces to dra drifting food particles into th mouth

A

Suspension feeders

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16
Q

Is a deposit feeder thatlives ina mucus-lined burrow and extends long feeding tentacles.

A

Annelid amphitrite

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17
Q

One form of suspension feeding taht evolved frequently a secondary modification among representatives

A

Filter-feeding

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18
Q

Type of particulate feeding that exploits deposits of detritus that accumulates on and in the substratum

A

Deposit feeding

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19
Q

These animals simply passes the substrate through their bodies, removing nutrients from it.

A

Annelids and hemichordates

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20
Q

These use appendages to gather organic deposits som distance from the body and mov them to themouth

A

Scaphopod molluscs, bivalvemolluscs, sedentary, tube-dwelling polychaete worms

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21
Q

African egg eating snake

A

Dasypeltis

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22
Q

What must predators do to their prey?

A

Locate, Capture, Hold, Swallow

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23
Q

What doe the birds beaks have?

A

Serrated edges
Hooked upper beak

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24
Q

Do brds have teeth?

A

Do not have true teeth

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25
Q

What does polychaete Nereis have that can be everted with great speed to seize the prey?

A

Muscular pharynx

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26
Q

What doe fishes, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles use to grip thei prey

A

Teeth

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27
Q

What doe invertebrats hav that they use to reduce food size

A

Shredding devices and tearing devices

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28
Q

This occurs amoung mammals with four type of teeth

A

Mastication

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29
Q

Four types of teeth

A

Incisors, Canines,Premolars, Molars

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29
Q

Function of premoars and molars

A

Grinding, crushing

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29
Q

Usually lacks canines but has well-develope molar

A

Herbivores

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29
Q

Function of Incisors

A

Bite, cut, strip

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30
Q

Modified upper incisor use for defense, attack, and rooting

A

Elephant’s tusk

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30
Q

Well-developed and self-sharpening incisor that must be constantly worn away.

A

Rodent

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30
Q

Function of canines

A

Seize, pierce, tear

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31
Q
A
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31
Q
A
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31
Q
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31
Q
A
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32
Q

Specialized scraping mouthpart of snail

A

Radula

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33
Q

What does herbivores have for grinding of plant tissue

A

Corrugated molars

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34
Q

Feeding mechanism of parasites

A

Feeding on fluids

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35
Q

What doe parasite hav that keep the blood from cltting

A

Anticoagulant

36
Q

Three layes of a tooth

A

Enamel, Dentine, Cementum

37
Q

What do you call an internal parasite

A

Endoparasites

38
Q

What do you call external parasites

A

Ectoparasites

39
Q

Characteristic of parasites

A

Fluid-feeding

40
Q

Mosquitos injects this that causes irritating itch that follow the bite

A

Anticoagulant saliva

41
Q

These feed on the blood or other body fluids and some may vecto dsease agents

A

Mosquitoes, lice, bedbugs, tick, mites, flea

42
Q

What type of process is digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical

43
Q

What molecules are reduce to sijmpler molecule

A

Carbohydrate, proteins, fats

44
Q

What typ of digestion doe protozoa and sponge have?

A

Intracellular

45
Q

What do you call the digestiv enzymes

A

Lysozymes

46
Q

What process is performe in intracellular digestion

A

Phagocytosis

47
Q

What process is performed when food waste of intracellular digestion is extruded deom the cell

A

Exocytosis

48
Q

Alimentary system is what type of digestion?

A

Extracellular digestion

49
Q

Animals that practice both intracellular and extracellular digestion

A

Bellarian flatworms, simple metazoans, radiates, ribbon worms

50
Q

Allowe regional specialization of digestion wit the development of ___________ flow-throughsystem

A

Mouth to anus

51
Q

Reduction of food to small absorbable units relies to

A

Enzymes

52
Q

The digestive enzymes can be also calle

A

Hydrolytic ezymes

53
Q

Proteins are compose of long chains of

A

Amino acids

54
Q

Carbohydrate is reduced into?

A

Simple sugars

55
Q

Fats are reduced into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

56
Q

This describes one ebzyme may cimplete the digestion taht was begun by preceeding enzymes

A

Enzyme chain

57
Q

What are responsible fo the movement of food through the digestiv tract

A

Cilia and musculature

58
Q

Two opposing laye of smooth muscles on the gut of a we-develope coelom

A

Longitudinal and circular layer

59
Q

Characteristic og gut movement, where there is an alternate constriction f rings of smooth muscle of th intestine

A

Segmentation

60
Q

Muscular action taht moves foo down the gut with wave of constriction

A

Peristalsis

61
Q

What do you call a digeste food

A

Bolus

61
Q

Mixes food but oes not move it through the gut

A

Segmentation

62
Q

Five major regions of alimentary canal

A

(1) Reception
(2) Conduction and storage
(3) Grinding an early digestion
(4) Terminal digestion and absorption
(5) Water absorption and concentration of solids

63
Q

The first region of the alimentary canal

A

Reception

64
Q

What parts are included in the reception region

A

Mouthpart, buccal cavity, muscular pharynx (throat)

65
Q

Produce lubricating secretions containing mucus to assist swallowing

A

Salivary glands

66
Q

The salivary secrcetion of leech that make their bite painles

A

Anesthetic substance

67
Q

Is a carbohydrate splitting enzyme that begin hydrolysis of plant an animal starches as soon as they hav been ingested

A

Salivary amylase

68
Q

What do you call a two glucose fragement

A

Maltose

69
Q

Attacheto the floo rof the mouth that assists foo manipulation and swallowing

A

Tongue

70
Q

The inner chambers of the reception region

A

Buccal cavity and pharynx

71
Q

What doe th mouthpart includes

A

Jaw, mandible, teeth, radula, bills

72
Q

These may contain toxins to quiet a struggling prey

A

Salivary gland

73
Q

Found mostly in herbivors, some insects an primate to break starch into two glucose molecule

A

Salivary amylase

74
Q

What prevents food from entering the respiratory passageways

A

Epiglottis

75
Q

How much do the wall of upper esophagus has skeletal muscle

A

1/3

76
Q

Serves to transfer food to the digestiv region

A

Esophagus

77
Q

Expanded part of the esophagus for many invertebrates

A

Crop

78
Q

A vertebrate that has a crop

A

Bird

79
Q

This provides initial digestin as well as storage and mixing of food with digestive juices

A

Stomach

80
Q

These animals continue grinding and crushing in the stomach

A

Herbivores

81
Q

What animals hav swallowed stones an dgrit assists the muscular gizzrd

A

Oligochaets and birds

82
Q

What do insect proventriculus have?

A

Chitinous teeth

83
Q

What do crustaeans have?

A

Gastric mill

84
Q

Blind tubules or pouche arising from the main passage. Often supplements stomachs of invertebrates

A

Digestive diverticula

85
Q

What enzymes digests cellulose

A

Cellulase

86
Q

Typically j shaped muscular tube whos inner epithelial layer contaims glands.

A

Stomach

87
Q

This opens reflexively when the food enters th stoach ro the esophagu to prevent regurgitation

A

Cardiac sphincter

88
Q

Th first region of small intestine

A

Duodenum

89
Q

Regulate the food flow from the stomach into the intestine to prevent regurgitation

A

Pyloric sphincter

90
Q

Humans, peristaltic wave produces churning movements at how many waves per minute

A

3 waves per min

91
Q

Tubular glands in the stomach wall

A

Gastric glands

92
Q

How many do humans secretes gastric glands a day

A

2 liters

93
Q

What does parietal cells secretes?

A

Hydrochloric acid

94
Q

What does cheif cells secretes?

A

Pepsinogen

95
Q

Milk curdling enzyme found in the stomach of rumnant mammals

A

Rennin

96
Q
A
97
Q
A
98
Q

When does gastric juices increase?

A
  • Sight of food
  • prescence of food in the stomach
  • Emotional distress

Zoology Midterms (7 decks)

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