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Biology AS > Digestion And Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion And Absorption Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do large molecules need breaking down?

A

Too large to diffuse into cell

Cannot be absorbed into blood

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2
Q

What are proteins broken down into?

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

What are fats broken down into?

A

Fatty acids

Monoglycerides

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates broken into?

A

Monosaccharides

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5
Q

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

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6
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Pancreas and small intestine

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7
Q

What does amylase hydrolyse?

A

Starch into maltose

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8
Q

What are membrane bound disaccharidases?

A

Enzymes attached to epithelium cell membrane of small intestine
Break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

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9
Q

How do monosaccharides pass through ileum membrane?

A

Active transport

Transporter proteins

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10
Q

How is fructose absorbed?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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11
Q

What are lipids broken down by?

A

Lipases and bile salts

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12
Q

What are lipids hydrolysed into?

A

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

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13
Q

Which bond is hydrolysed when breaking down lipids?

A

Ester bond

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14
Q

Where are bile salts made?

A

Liver

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15
Q

What do bile salts do?

A

Emulsify lipids to increase surface area for lipases

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16
Q

Once lipids are broken down, micelles are formed. What do micelles do?

A

Move monoglycerides and fatty acids to epithelium

17
Q

How do fatty acids and monoglycerides pass through membrane?

A

Diffuse through bilayer

18
Q

Which bond is broken in the hydrolysis of proteins?

A

Peptide bond

19
Q

How are amino acids absorbed?

A

Active transport with sodium ions

20
Q

What are endopeptidases?

A

Enzymes which break down bonds within a protein

21
Q

What are exopeptidases?

A

Enzymes which break down bonds at the end of a protein and remove a single amino acid

22
Q

Where are endopeptidases synthesised and secreted?

A

Made in pancreas

Secrets in small intestine

23
Q

Give an example of an endopeptidase

A

Pepsin

24
Q

What do exopeptidases work specifically on?

A

Hydrolysing peptide bonds in disaccharides

25
Q

Where are exopeptidases located?

A

Epithelial cell membranes in small intestine

26
Q

What breaks down lipids?

A

Lipases and bile salts

Biology AS (14 decks)

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