digestion and absorption

Question 1

what happens during digestion

Answer 1

large insoluble molecules are hydrolysed into smaller soluble molecules
digestive enzymes are produced by specialised cells in mammals to catalyse breakdown

Question 2

what’s the process of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 2

the mouth - salivary amylase hydrolyses the starch to form maltose
and the salivary glands produce the enzyme amylase
the small intestine - pancreatic amylase
hydrolysed glycosidic bonds into starch to form maltose
pancreas produces the pancreatic amylase
small intestine - disaccharidases (maltose lactase sucrose) attached to the epithelial cells lining the ileum heroes glycosidic bonds into starch disaccharides to form monosaccharides

starch - (amylase from salivary glands/pancreas) - maltose - (membrane bound maltase in the small intestine turns it into)- glucose

Question 3

What happens during lipid digestion

Answer 3

Lipids are hydrolysed into monoglycerides and fatty acids by lipase
Lipases are made in the pancreas and work in the small intestines
Bile salts produced by liver emulsify large droplets of lipids into smaller lipids with more surface for lipases to work on
Monoglycerides and fatty acids form micelles with with bile salts

Question 4

Explain protein digestion

Answer 4

-proteins are hydrolysed by endopeptidases , exopeptidase and dipeptidase
-endopeptidases hydrolyse bonds within a protein
Some endopeptidases are produced by the pancreas and secrete into the small intestine. Other types of endopeptidases are produced by the stomach cells and work in acidic conditions
Endopeptidases hydrolysed long polypeptide chains into short polypeptide chains this increases the surface area and terminal bonds. Exopeptidases produced by the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine hydrolysed bonds at the end of the protein to remove single amino acids
Dipeptidase are located on the cell surface membrane of the epithelial cell in the small intestine and separate dipeptidase into amino acids.