Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

by what is inflammation and infection is generally caused/

Answer 1

bacertia, virus and parasite like tapeworm,hookworm,roundworm.

Question 2

what causes jaudice what are its effects?

Answer 2

increase in bile pigment bilirubin due to which skin and eye turn yellow.
liver is also affected

Question 3

what is vomitting and what is responsible for it?

Answer 3

• ejection of the stomach content through the mouth

- controlled by the vomit center of the medulla

Question 4

what is diarrhea ?

Answer 4

abnormal frequency of bowel movements and increased liquidity in the faeces

Question 5

what is constipation?

Answer 5

faeces stuck in colon and irregular bowel movement

Question 6

what is used to cure constipation and why ?

Answer 6

laxatives and purgatives which are rich in Mg

Question 7

what is indigestion

Answer 7

inability to digest food due ot overeating , eating too spicy food or anxiety

Question 8

what is hernia?

Answer 8

protrusion of intestine into inguinal canal may extend to scrotal sac.

Question 9

hernia is the protrusion of ___ into ___

Answer 9

intestine , inguinal canal

Question 10

what is bmr?

what is its value and how is it dependent on the body size

Answer 10

• basic metabolic rate - min amt of calories required for the maintenance of the body during rest.
• 1600kcal/day
• smaller teh body size more the bmr

Question 11

what is rmr?

what is its value?

Answer 11

• routine metabolism rate- min amt of energy req by a moderately active person.
• males: 2800Kcal/day
• females : 2200Kcal/day

Question 12

vomitting causes metabolic ___

diarrhoea causes ___

Answer 12

alkalosis

acidosis

Question 13

what is the peristalsis movement ?

where does it start and end?

Answer 13

involuntary rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles lining the alimentary canal.
- esophagus to large intestine (weaker here)

Question 14

what happens during the contraction?

Answer 14

circular muscle - contraction

longitudinal muscle - relaxation

Question 15

what happens during relaxation during peristalsis?

Answer 15

circular muscle- relaxation

longitudinal muscle - contraction

Question 16

where is the peristalsis movement strong?

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

does stomach exhibit peristalsis ?

Answer 17

yes by churning the food

Question 18

what does the segmentation movement cause?

Answer 18

haustrations of colon

Question 19

vitamin A is k/a

Answer 19

RETINOL

Question 20

what does deficiency of vit a cause and what are its sources?

Answer 20

• 1) night blindness
  2) xerophthalmia
• carrot

Question 21

what is vit d k/a

Answer 21

calciferol

Question 22

what does vit d deficiency cause?

source?

Answer 22

1) rickets in children
2) osteomalacia in adults
skin synthesis it in the presence of sunlight

Question 23

what is vit e k/a

and what are its functions?

Answer 23

tocopherol/fertility vit

- good antioxidant

Question 24

vit e deficiency cause?

Answer 24

reproductive failure

Question 25

what is vit k called?

Answer 25

phylloquinone (K)

Question 26

function of vit k 
what does its deficiency cause?

Answer 26

1) formation of prothrombin
2) blood clotting
- faulty blood clotting

Question 27

what does spoilt hay of sweet clover contain and what does it do?

Answer 27

dicumarol which prevents the action vit k

Question 28

vitamin b1 aka?

Answer 28

thiamine

Question 29

deficiency of b1 causes?

Answer 29

1) beri beri
2) wernick’s syndrome
3) korsakoff’s disease

Question 30

vitamin b2 aka?

deficiency sympltoms?

Answer 30

Riboflavin

Cheillosis

Question 31

vitamin b3 aka?

deficiency sympltoms?

Answer 31

Niacin

Pellaagra

Question 32

vitamin b7 aka?

Answer 32

biotin

Question 33

what does egg white contain and what does it do?

Answer 33

it has avidin which which prevents the absorption of biotin

Question 34

vitamin b9 aka?

Answer 34

folic acid

Question 35

vitamin b12 aka?

Answer 35

cyanocoabalmin

castle extrinsic factor

Question 36

source and deficiency of vit b12?

Answer 36

spirulina

pernicious anemia

Question 37

vit b 17 usage

Answer 37

aniticancer property

Question 38

vitamin c aka?

Answer 38

ascorbic acid

Question 39

source and deficiency of vit c?

how is it destroyed?

Answer 39

• citrus fruits
• scurvy
• by heating it

Question 40

where does beri beri occure?

Answer 40

countries where polished rice is staple diet

Question 41

why should one not eat raw fish?

Answer 41

it contains an enzyme which destroys thiamine

Question 42

Pellagra is a __ disease

explain.

Answer 42

3D (dementia,dermatitis and diarrhoea)
dementia - memory loss
dermatitis- skin inflammation

Question 43

what is pyrosis?

Answer 43

heart burn