Digestion and Absorption Flashcards
by what is inflammation and infection is generally caused/
bacertia, virus and parasite like tapeworm,hookworm,roundworm.
what causes jaudice what are its effects?
increase in bile pigment bilirubin due to which skin and eye turn yellow.
liver is also affected
what is vomitting and what is responsible for it?
- ejection of the stomach content through the mouth
- controlled by the vomit center of the medulla
what is diarrhea ?
abnormal frequency of bowel movements and increased liquidity in the faeces
what is constipation?
faeces stuck in colon and irregular bowel movement
what is used to cure constipation and why ?
laxatives and purgatives which are rich in Mg
what is indigestion
inability to digest food due ot overeating , eating too spicy food or anxiety
what is hernia?
protrusion of intestine into inguinal canal may extend to scrotal sac.
hernia is the protrusion of ___ into ___
intestine , inguinal canal
what is bmr?
what is its value and how is it dependent on the body size
- basic metabolic rate - min amt of calories required for the maintenance of the body during rest.
- 1600kcal/day
- smaller teh body size more the bmr
what is rmr?
what is its value?
- routine metabolism rate- min amt of energy req by a moderately active person.
- males: 2800Kcal/day
- females : 2200Kcal/day
vomitting causes metabolic ___
diarrhoea causes ___
alkalosis
acidosis
what is the peristalsis movement ?
where does it start and end?
involuntary rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles lining the alimentary canal.
- esophagus to large intestine (weaker here)
what happens during the contraction?
circular muscle - contraction
longitudinal muscle - relaxation
what happens during relaxation during peristalsis?
circular muscle- relaxation
longitudinal muscle - contraction
where is the peristalsis movement strong?
small intestine
does stomach exhibit peristalsis ?
yes by churning the food
what does the segmentation movement cause?
haustrations of colon
vitamin A is k/a
RETINOL
what does deficiency of vit a cause and what are its sources?
- 1) night blindness
2) xerophthalmia - carrot
what is vit d k/a
calciferol
what does vit d deficiency cause?
source?
1) rickets in children
2) osteomalacia in adults
skin synthesis it in the presence of sunlight
what is vit e k/a
and what are its functions?
tocopherol/fertility vit
- good antioxidant
vit e deficiency cause?
reproductive failure
what is vit k called?
phylloquinone (K)
function of vit k what does its deficiency cause?
1) formation of prothrombin
2) blood clotting
- faulty blood clotting
what does spoilt hay of sweet clover contain and what does it do?
dicumarol which prevents the action vit k
vitamin b1 aka?
thiamine
deficiency of b1 causes?
1) beri beri
2) wernick’s syndrome
3) korsakoff’s disease
vitamin b2 aka?
deficiency sympltoms?
Riboflavin
Cheillosis
vitamin b3 aka?
deficiency sympltoms?
Niacin
Pellaagra
vitamin b7 aka?
biotin
what does egg white contain and what does it do?
it has avidin which which prevents the absorption of biotin
vitamin b9 aka?
folic acid
vitamin b12 aka?
cyanocoabalmin
castle extrinsic factor
source and deficiency of vit b12?
spirulina
pernicious anemia
vit b 17 usage
aniticancer property
vitamin c aka?
ascorbic acid
source and deficiency of vit c?
how is it destroyed?
- citrus fruits
- scurvy
- by heating it
where does beri beri occure?
countries where polished rice is staple diet
why should one not eat raw fish?
it contains an enzyme which destroys thiamine
Pellagra is a __ disease
explain.
3D (dementia,dermatitis and diarrhoea)
dementia - memory loss
dermatitis- skin inflammation
what is pyrosis?
heart burn
