Digestion

Question 1

What are the 5 stages of the Alimentary canal?

Answer 1

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

Question 2

List the parts of the digestive system from mouth …..to anus.

Answer 2

Mouth 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum ...small intestine
Ileum .....small intestine
Colon... large intestine
Anus ......large intestine

Question 3

What are the 2 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 3

Duodenum and ileum

Question 4

What are the 2 parts of the large intestine?

Answer 4

Colon and anus

Question 5

Define ingestion

Answer 5

Taking food in mouth and swallowing

Question 6

Define digestion

Answer 6

Braking down food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion) and smaller molecules (chemical digestion)

Question 7

Define absorption

Answer 7

Taking small food molecules out of gut and into the blood

Question 8

Define assimilation

Answer 8

Using molecules from food to build new molecules, cells and tissues

Question 9

Define egestion

Answer 9

Passing out undigested food through the anus

Question 10

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 10

Chewing or Churning to break up food into smaller pieces

Question 11

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 11

Uses enzymes to break down food

Question 12

What is mastication ?

Answer 12

Chewing

Question 13

Describe the act of swallowing using scientific words

Answer 13

Food is mastication by the teeth
Made into bolus by the tongue
Epiglottis blocks food from entering trachea into lungs
Food passes down oesophagus

Question 14

What is the enzyme released in the mouth by the pancreas and salivary glands?

Answer 14

Amylase

Question 15

Amylase breaks down starch into…

Answer 15

Maltose

Question 16

What pH does amylase work best in?

Answer 16

Neutral pH

Question 17

When amylase reaches the stomach acids it becomes …

Answer 17

Denatured

Question 18

Describes how food passes down the oesophagus

Answer 18

Food pushed down by peristalsis
Circular muscles contract behind bolus pushing it along
Longitudinal muscles contract to make alimentary wider

Question 19

Stomach uses 2 types of digestion ….

Answer 19

Mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 20

What enzymes is released in the stomach by the gastric glands?

Answer 20

Pepsin

Question 21

Pepsin breaks down protein into…

Answer 21

Polypeptide

Question 22

What pH does pepsin work best in, acidic, neutral or alkaline?

Answer 22

Acidic pH

Question 23

Which acid is released in the stomach by the gastric glands?

Answer 23

Hydrochloric acid

Question 24

Why is the stomach not damaged by the hydrochloric acid?

Answer 24

It has a mucus lining

Question 25

Digestion happens in the first part of the duodenum. Which enzymes are present here?

Answer 25

Amylase Lipase Trypsin Maltase

Question 26

Maltase breaks down maltose into...

Answer 26

Glucose

Question 27

Lipase breaks down lipids into...

Answer 27

3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 28

Trypsin breaks down polypeptides into ...

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

Why does the stomach acid need to be neutralised in the duodenum?

Answer 29

Enzymes need neutral pH

Question 30

What neutralises the stomach acid in the duodenum?

Answer 30

Bile

Question 31

Where is bile produced?

Answer 31

The liver

Question 32

How is bile released into the duodenum?

Answer 32

It is stored in the gallbladder and released via the bile duct.

Question 33

Bile salts break up fat droplets into tiny droplet with bigger surface area which increases the rate of reaction of the lipase. This process is called....

Answer 33

Emulsification

Question 34

Why does the ileum have many folds and is lined with microvilli?

Answer 34

To increase surface area and rate of diffusion to absorb food molecules Glucose absorbed by Active transport

Question 35

Why does the ileum have thin walls and high density of capillaries?

Answer 35

To increase rate of diffusion

Question 36

What is excretion?

Answer 36

Removal of waste products by the body like CO2 from lungs and urea from kidneys and sweat

Question 37

Source of amylase, lipase and trypsin?

Answer 37

Pancreas

Question 38

Source of amylase?

Answer 38

Salivary glands and pancreas

Question 39

Source of pepsin?

Answer 39

Gastric glands in stomach wall

Question 40

Source of maltase?

Answer 40

Lining of small intestine

Question 41

What is peristalsis?

Answer 41

How food is moved through the gut

Question 42

Bile has 2 functions. What are they?

Answer 42

Neutralising stomach acid | Emulsifying lipids