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4th form GCSE Biology Flashcards > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 stages of the Alimentary canal?

A 
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion
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2
Q

List the parts of the digestive system from mouth …..to anus.

A 
Mouth 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum ...small intestine
Ileum .....small intestine
Colon... large intestine
Anus ......large intestine
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3
Q

What are the 2 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum and ileum

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4
Q

What are the 2 parts of the large intestine?

A

Colon and anus

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5
Q

Define ingestion

A

Taking food in mouth and swallowing

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6
Q

Define digestion

A

Braking down food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion) and smaller molecules (chemical digestion)

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7
Q

Define absorption

A

Taking small food molecules out of gut and into the blood

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8
Q

Define assimilation

A

Using molecules from food to build new molecules, cells and tissues

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9
Q

Define egestion

A

Passing out undigested food through the anus

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10
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Chewing or Churning to break up food into smaller pieces

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11
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Uses enzymes to break down food

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12
Q

What is mastication ?

A

Chewing

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13
Q

Describe the act of swallowing using scientific words

A

Food is mastication by the teeth
Made into bolus by the tongue
Epiglottis blocks food from entering trachea into lungs
Food passes down oesophagus

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14
Q

What is the enzyme released in the mouth by the pancreas and salivary glands?

A

Amylase

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15
Q

Amylase breaks down starch into…

A

Maltose

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16
Q

What pH does amylase work best in?

A

Neutral pH

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17
Q

When amylase reaches the stomach acids it becomes …

A

Denatured

18
Q

Describes how food passes down the oesophagus

A

Food pushed down by peristalsis
Circular muscles contract behind bolus pushing it along
Longitudinal muscles contract to make alimentary wider

19
Q

Stomach uses 2 types of digestion ….

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion

20
Q

What enzymes is released in the stomach by the gastric glands?

A

Pepsin

21
Q

Pepsin breaks down protein into…

A

Polypeptide

22
Q

What pH does pepsin work best in, acidic, neutral or alkaline?

A

Acidic pH

23
Q

Which acid is released in the stomach by the gastric glands?

A

Hydrochloric acid

24
Q

Why is the stomach not damaged by the hydrochloric acid?

A

It has a mucus lining

25
Q

Digestion happens in the first part of the duodenum. Which enzymes are present here?

A

Amylase
Lipase
Trypsin
Maltase

26
Q

Maltase breaks down maltose into…

A

Glucose

27
Q

Lipase breaks down lipids into…

A

3 fatty acids and glycerol

28
Q

Trypsin breaks down polypeptides into …

A

Amino acids

29
Q

Why does the stomach acid need to be neutralised in the duodenum?

A

Enzymes need neutral pH

30
Q

What neutralises the stomach acid in the duodenum?

A

Bile

31
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

The liver

32
Q

How is bile released into the duodenum?

A

It is stored in the gallbladder and released via the bile duct.

33
Q

Bile salts break up fat droplets into tiny droplet with bigger surface area which increases the rate of reaction of the lipase. This process is called….

A

Emulsification

34
Q

Why does the ileum have many folds and is lined with microvilli?

A

To increase surface area and rate of diffusion to absorb food molecules
Glucose absorbed by Active transport

35
Q

Why does the ileum have thin walls and high density of capillaries?

A

To increase rate of diffusion

36
Q

What is excretion?

A

Removal of waste products by the body like CO2 from lungs and urea from kidneys and sweat

37
Q

Source of amylase, lipase and trypsin?

A

Pancreas

38
Q

Source of amylase?

A

Salivary glands and pancreas

39
Q

Source of pepsin?

A

Gastric glands in stomach wall

40
Q

Source of maltase?

A

Lining of small intestine

41
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

How food is moved through the gut

42
Q

Bile has 2 functions. What are they?

A

Neutralising stomach acid

Emulsifying lipids

4th form GCSE Biology Flashcards (9 decks)

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