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Bio 20-1 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Source of Proteins

A

Plants and Animals

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2
Q

Use of proteins

A

Structural Components of cells, enzymes, and antibodies

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3
Q

Source of unsaturated fats

A

Plant cells (better for you, liquid at room temperature)

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4
Q

Source of saturated fats

A

Animal fats (Solid at room temperature)

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5
Q

Use of lipids

A

Energy storage, insulation, creating hormones

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6
Q

Source of carbs

A

plant cells

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7
Q

Use of Carbs

A

Preferred source of energy for cells

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8
Q

What does Benedict’s reagent test for?

A

simple sugars

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9
Q

What happens when Benedict’s reagent tests positive ( or negative)?

A

Becomes yellow/orange after heating (Remains blue)

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10
Q

What happens when an Iodine test is positive?

A

Blue/black colour change.

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11
Q

What does iodine test for?

A

Starch

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12
Q

What does Sudan IV dye test for?

A

Lipids

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13
Q

What happens when Sudan IV tests positive?

A

Becomes red/pink

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14
Q

What test tests for proteins?

A

Biuret Test (becomes purple if positive)

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15
Q

What does salivary amylase do?

A

It begins the digestion of carbs.

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16
Q

What does HCl do?

A

Begins to denature protein in the stomach.

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17
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

Begins protein Digestion

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18
Q

How is pepsin secreted?

A

In the form of pepsinogen in the stomach which is converted into pepsin by HCl

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19
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

Converts protein into peptides

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20
Q

How is trypsin secreted?

A

by the pancreas in the form of trypsinogen into the duodenum which is converted into trypsin by enterokinase.

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21
Q

What does erepsin do?

A

Converts peptides into amino acids which can be absorbed by the blood.

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22
Q

How is erepsin secreted?

A

By the pancreas into the doudenum

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23
Q

What does pancreatic amylase do?

A

Converts Starch into maltose

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24
Q

How is pancreatic amylase secreted?

A

By the pancreas into the duodenum

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25
what does maltase do?
Converts maltose into glucose.
26
How is maltase secreted?
by the SMALL INTESTINE into the duodenum
27
What do lipase do?
Digest fats into fatty acids
28
How are lipase secreted?
By the pancreas into the duodenum.
29
Are vitamins or minerals organic?
Vitamins are organic, minerals are not.
30
What are the water soluble vitamins?
Vitamins B and C
31
What does a deficiency of Vitamin A cause?
night blindness
32
What does a deficiency of Vitamin D cause?
Soft bones
33
What does a deficiency of Vitamin E cause?
red blood cells to rupture
34
What does a deficiency of Vitamin K cause?
Poor blood clotting
35
What does a deficiency of Vitamin B cause?
Poor Fetal development, low energy
36
What does a deficiency of Vitamin C cause?
Scurvy, bleeding gums
37
What does potassium effect?
Muscle contraction
38
What does Phosphorus effect?
Bones, teeth, and energy
39
What does calcium effect?
Bones, teeth, and muscle contraction
40
What does sodium effect?
Muscle contraction and nerve transport
41
What does fluoride effect?
Teeth and bones
42
What does iron effect?
Hemoglobin (RBC)
43
What does a deficiency of iodine do?
Goiter
44
What does a deficiency of cellulose do?
Cell structure
45
What are the 4 factors that effect enzyme activity?
Temperature, PH, substrate concentration, inhibitor molecules.
46
What is the relative pH of the stomach?
Low
47
What are coenzymes made out of?
Vitamins
48
What are coenzymes?
Organic molecules that aid enzymes.
49
What are the two main liver dysfunctions?
Jaundice, and cirrhosis
50
What does a diet low in fibre (cellulose) cause?
Colon cancer.
51
What is jaundice?
A by-product of gallstones, causes yelling of the skin.
52
What is cirrhosis
Damage of the liver caused heavy alcohol consumption.
53
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores and concentrations bile and bile salts.
54
Where is bicarbonate secreted from?
The pancreas.
55
Where is bile produced?
In the liver
56
What is the purpose of the large intestine?
Reabsorbs water and ions. Forms and stores feces.
57
What does Cholecystokinin do?
Stimulates the release of bile salts
58
Where is Cholecystokinin released from
The SMALL INTESTINE into the duodenum
59
What does gastrin do?
Stimulates digestion, releases HCl
60
Where is gastrin released from?
The stomach
61
What does Enterogastrone do?
Turns off digestion
62
Where is Enterogastrone released from?
The small intestine into the duodenum.

Bio 20-1 (4 decks)

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