Chapter 12: Excretory System

Question 1

Trace Urine through the urinary system.

Answer 1

Blood gets processed by the kidney, the urine then travels down the ureter to the bladder, then out of the body through the urethra.

Question 2

Functions of the excretory system.

Answer 2

Maintain dynamic equilibrium and homeostasis

Question 3

How are Nitrogenous Wastes excreted?

Answer 3

Excreted as urine

Question 4

How is ammonia excreted?

Answer 4

It is highly toxic so it must first be converted into less toxic urea.

Question 5

What occurs in the liver?

Answer 5

reanimation, lactic acid processing, and bile breakdown.

Question 6

How many ureters are there in the human body?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

What part of the nephron returns water and salt to the blood?

Answer 7

Loop of Henle

Question 8

What does antidieretic hormone do?

Answer 8

Increases rate of water reabsorption in the descending loop of henle

Question 9

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 9

Causes the reabsorption of sodium ions and water in the ascending loop of henle

Question 10

What negative ions follow sodium ions out of the nephron?

Answer 10

Chlorine and bicarbonate ions

Question 11

Why is there a higher concentration of mitochondria in the proximal tube?

Answer 11

To perform active transport on the sodium ions.

Question 12

What molecules are not filtered out in the glomerulus?

Answer 12

red blood cells, plasma proteins, and platelets.

Question 13

What percent of filtrate can be returned to the blood?

Answer 13

85-99

Question 14

What does the afferent blood vessel do?

Answer 14

Carries blood to the nephron

Question 15

What does the efferent blood vessel do?

Answer 15

Carries clean blood away from the kidney.

Question 16

What are the three regions of the kidney from outside to in?

Answer 16

Cortex, medulla, pelvis

Question 17

What are 4 kidney dysfunctions?

Answer 17

Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Insipidus, Nephritis, and kidney stones.

Question 18

What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Answer 18

Diabetes mellitus is caused from a lack of insulin produced by the kidney, whereas diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH (Antidieretic hormone)

Question 19

What molecules are released in the ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 19

Sodium ions, water, chloride ions, and bicarbonate ions

Question 20

What molecules are reabsorbed into the blood from the proximal tubule?

Answer 20

Na+, Cl-, H20, glucose, bicarbonate.