Digestion Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the three types of carbohydrates and what test should be used to identify them?
Monosaccharides- benedicts
Polysaccharide- iodine
Disaccharide- both (neither changes colour)
Where does the absorption occur?
Small intestine
Large intestine for water
Structures and functions of digestive system
Pancreas Liver Small intestine Large intestine Epiglottis Cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter Gall bladder Bile Saliva
Pancreas
Located in the abdomen.
Helps converts the food into fuel for the body’s cells.
Endocrine function: regulars blood sugar
Exocrine function: helps digestion
Liver
Produces bile. Stores glucose as glycogen
Small intestine
When most chemical digestion and absorption occur
Large intestine
Vitamin K and reabsorbs water
Epiglottis
Flap that prevents food from entering trachea to prevent choking
Cardiac sphincter
Normally opens only when a bolts driven by peristalsis arrives
Pyloric sphincter
Helps regulate the passage of chyme in the intestine
Gallbladder
Stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine
Bile
Emulsifies fat from large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets
Saliva
99% water
Slippery glycoprotein called mucin. Mucin protects the soft lining of the mouth from abrasion and lubricants food for easier swallowing
-antibacterial agents
-salivary amylase that breaks down carbs
Peristalsis
Squeezes a bolus along the narrow esophagus by involuntary waves of contraction by the smooth muscles
Enzyme
Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction w/o being modified. Written above chemical equation.
Factors that affect enzyme activity
Higher substrate concentration
Body temperature
pH
Surface area
Coenzymes
Medications
Buffers
Which organs are let of the digestive system but do not come into direct contact with food
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder
What hormones play a role in regulating sugars?
Insulin - puts excess sugar INTO storage
Glucagon - causes glucose to be GONE from storage
Malcification
Chewing food
Villi
Fingerlike projections in the lining of the intestine
Pepsi
And enzyme that breaks down proteins into polypeptides it works best in acidic environment like the stomach
Lipase
An enzyme that breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acid’s it is produced in the pancreas and acts in the small intestine
Amylase
An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into disaccharides
Chyme
The pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine consisting of gastric juices and partially digested food
