Digestion

Question 1

What are the three types of carbohydrates and what test should be used to identify them?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides- benedicts
Polysaccharide- iodine
Disaccharide- both (neither changes colour)

Question 2

Where does the absorption occur?

Answer 2

Small intestine

Large intestine for water

Question 3

Structures and functions of digestive system

Answer 3

Pancreas 
Liver 
Small intestine 
Large intestine
Epiglottis
Cardiac sphincter 
Pyloric sphincter
Gall bladder
Bile
Saliva

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

Located in the abdomen.
Helps converts the food into fuel for the body’s cells.
Endocrine function: regulars blood sugar
Exocrine function: helps digestion

Question 5

Liver

Answer 5

Produces bile. Stores glucose as glycogen

Question 6

Small intestine

Answer 6

When most chemical digestion and absorption occur

Question 7

Large intestine

Answer 7

Vitamin K and reabsorbs water

Question 8

Epiglottis

Answer 8

Flap that prevents food from entering trachea to prevent choking

Question 9

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 9

Normally opens only when a bolts driven by peristalsis arrives

Question 10

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 10

Helps regulate the passage of chyme in the intestine

Question 11

Gallbladder

Answer 11

Stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine

Question 12

Bile

Answer 12

Emulsifies fat from large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets

Question 13

Saliva

Answer 13

99% water
Slippery glycoprotein called mucin. Mucin protects the soft lining of the mouth from abrasion and lubricants food for easier swallowing
-antibacterial agents
-salivary amylase that breaks down carbs

Question 14

Peristalsis

Answer 14

Squeezes a bolus along the narrow esophagus by involuntary waves of contraction by the smooth muscles

Question 15

Enzyme

Answer 15

Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction w/o being modified. Written above chemical equation.

Question 16

Factors that affect enzyme activity

Answer 16

Higher substrate concentration

Body temperature

pH

Surface area

Coenzymes

Medications

Buffers

Question 17

Which organs are let of the digestive system but do not come into direct contact with food

Answer 17

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Question 18

What hormones play a role in regulating sugars?

Answer 18

Insulin - puts excess sugar INTO storage

Glucagon - causes glucose to be GONE from storage

Question 19

Malcification

Answer 19

Chewing food

Question 20

Villi

Answer 20

Fingerlike projections in the lining of the intestine

Question 21

Pepsi

Answer 21

And enzyme that breaks down proteins into polypeptides it works best in acidic environment like the stomach

Question 22

Lipase

Answer 22

An enzyme that breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acid’s it is produced in the pancreas and acts in the small intestine

Question 23

Amylase

Answer 23

An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into disaccharides

Question 24

Chyme

Answer 24

The pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine consisting of gastric juices and partially digested food

Question 25

Trypsin

Answer 25

Enzyme that breaks down polypeptides into smaller polypeptides