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Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an anabolic reaction

A

Combining simple molecules into complex structures

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2
Q

What is a catabolic reaction

A

Breakdown of complex chemical structures to simpler molecules

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3
Q

What is metabolism

A

All chemical reactions in a cell

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4
Q

What enzyme does the stomach have for breaking down food

A

Pepsin

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5
Q

What enzyme does the mouth use to break down food

A

Salivary amylase

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6
Q

What is a macronutrient

A

Any nutrient required in large amounts, used as a source of energy

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7
Q

What is a micro nutrient

A

Any nutrient required in small amounts, can’t be used for energy

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8
Q

What is a non essential nutrient

A

Can be made by the body if lacking in diet

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9
Q

What is an essential nutrient

A

Must come from external source

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10
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst

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11
Q

What affects enzymes

A

Temperature
PH
Inhibitors

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12
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

Molecule of water is added to a macromolecule, breaking the covalent bond

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13
Q

What is dehydration synthesis

A

Removing a hydroxyl group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from another subunit to make a covalent bond

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14
Q

What is protein synthesis

A

Peptide bond - links amino acids together to make peptides and polypeptides

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15
Q

Where does ingestion begin

A

First - Mouth, salivary glands, teeth, tongue

Then - esophagus, esophageal sphincter

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16
Q

What is the duodenum

A

The first 25 cm of the small intestine, contains ducts that connect to liver and pancreas

17
Q

What is the jejunum

A

Continues breakdown, most absorption occurs here

18
Q

What are the accessory organs

A

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

19
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease

A

General term for inflammation of the intestines ex. Chron’s disease and colitis

20
Q

what are some liver conditions

A

Hep A, B, C

21
Q

What is the function of bile salts

A

Assist lipase with fat digestion via emulsification

22
Q

What is the large intestine

A

Functions to concentrate and eliminate waste

23
Q

What is the small intestine - villi

A

Tiny ridges and folds in the intestinal wall that contain microvilli

24
Q

What are proteins made from

A

Amino acids

25
Q

How do R groups influence protein

A

It’s electrical charge makes them soluble or insoluble in water

26
Q

What does the pancreatic fluid contain

A

Protease
Lipase
Bicarbonate

Biology (11 decks)

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