Digestion Flashcards
What is an anabolic reaction
Combining simple molecules into complex structures
What is a catabolic reaction
Breakdown of complex chemical structures to simpler molecules
What is metabolism
All chemical reactions in a cell
What enzyme does the stomach have for breaking down food
Pepsin
What enzyme does the mouth use to break down food
Salivary amylase
What is a macronutrient
Any nutrient required in large amounts, used as a source of energy
What is a micro nutrient
Any nutrient required in small amounts, can’t be used for energy
What is a non essential nutrient
Can be made by the body if lacking in diet
What is an essential nutrient
Must come from external source
What is an enzyme
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst
What affects enzymes
Temperature
PH
Inhibitors
What is hydrolysis
Molecule of water is added to a macromolecule, breaking the covalent bond
What is dehydration synthesis
Removing a hydroxyl group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from another subunit to make a covalent bond
What is protein synthesis
Peptide bond - links amino acids together to make peptides and polypeptides
Where does ingestion begin
First - Mouth, salivary glands, teeth, tongue
Then - esophagus, esophageal sphincter
What is the duodenum
The first 25 cm of the small intestine, contains ducts that connect to liver and pancreas
What is the jejunum
Continues breakdown, most absorption occurs here
What are the accessory organs
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What is inflammatory bowel disease
General term for inflammation of the intestines ex. Chron’s disease and colitis
what are some liver conditions
Hep A, B, C
What is the function of bile salts
Assist lipase with fat digestion via emulsification
What is the large intestine
Functions to concentrate and eliminate waste
What is the small intestine - villi
Tiny ridges and folds in the intestinal wall that contain microvilli
What are proteins made from
Amino acids
How do R groups influence protein
It’s electrical charge makes them soluble or insoluble in water
What does the pancreatic fluid contain
Protease
Lipase
Bicarbonate
