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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

Veins, arteries and capillaries

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2
Q

What are the major circulatory pathways?

A
  • Pulmonary - blood moving between heart and lungs
  • Systemic - blood moving from the heart to the rest of the body
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3
Q

What are the main heart functions

A
  • Transports gasses, nutrient molecules, and wastes
  • regulates internal temperature
  • protects against bacteria and blood loss
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4
Q

What is the atria?

A

Two upper heart chambers returning blood from either body or lungs

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5
Q

What are the ventricles

A

Two bottom chambers that pump blood either to the body or the lungs

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6
Q

What is the septum

A

Thick muscular wall that separates right and left chamber of the heart

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7
Q

What is the vena cava

A

Two large vessels that open into the right atrium
- Inferior
- Superior

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8
Q

what are the Pulmonary arteries?

A

Vessels where oxygen poor blood passes

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9
Q

What are pulmonary veins?

A

Vessels where oxygen rich blood is passed

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10
Q

What is the aorta

A

Largest vessel in body where oxygen rich blood is pumped to body

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11
Q

What are the valves

A

Four heart valves that ensure proper blood flow direction

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12
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Indicator of how much oxygen is being delivered to the body

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13
Q

Formula for cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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14
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount (mL) of blood forced out of heart each beat

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15
Q

What are the blood types?

A

Type A: A antigens, B antibodies
Type B: B antigens, A antibodies
Type AB: has A and B antigens, and no AB antibodies
Type O: has no AB antigens, and has both A and B antibodies

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16
Q

What are blood transfusions

A

Tend to only be the blood cells which means only antigens are transfused

17
Q

How do blood types transfuse

A

When a specific antigen and matching antibody are compatible

18
Q

What is the universal donor

A

Blood type O - lack of antigen (invisible)

19
Q

What is the universal recipient

A

Blood type AB - contains neither antibodies

20
Q

What are the immune cell types

A

T cells, B cells, and NK cells

21
Q

What is the first line of defence

A

Ex: eyelashes, skin, mucous

22
Q

What is the second line of defence

A

Fever, inflammatory response

23
Q

What is the third line of defence

A

Immunity

24
Q

What are the types of T Cells

A
  • Helper T cells
  • Killer T cells
  • suppressor T cells
  • Memory T cells
25
Q

What are the different types of B Cells?

A
  • Plasma cell produces and releases large amounts of antibodies
  • Memory B cell
26
Q

What is ECG

A

Electrocardiography - measures the electrical activity of the heart

27
Q

What is an abnormal ECG

A

Anything from an abnormal heart rate to irregular rhythm

28
Q

What is PQRST

A

Measured for pain assessment

Biology (11 decks)

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