Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Veins, arteries and capillaries
What are the major circulatory pathways?
- Pulmonary - blood moving between heart and lungs
- Systemic - blood moving from the heart to the rest of the body
What are the main heart functions
- Transports gasses, nutrient molecules, and wastes
- regulates internal temperature
- protects against bacteria and blood loss
What is the atria?
Two upper heart chambers returning blood from either body or lungs
What are the ventricles
Two bottom chambers that pump blood either to the body or the lungs
What is the septum
Thick muscular wall that separates right and left chamber of the heart
What is the vena cava
Two large vessels that open into the right atrium
- Inferior
- Superior
what are the Pulmonary arteries?
Vessels where oxygen poor blood passes
What are pulmonary veins?
Vessels where oxygen rich blood is passed
What is the aorta
Largest vessel in body where oxygen rich blood is pumped to body
What are the valves
Four heart valves that ensure proper blood flow direction
What is cardiac output?
Indicator of how much oxygen is being delivered to the body
Formula for cardiac output
Heart rate x stroke volume
What is stroke volume
Amount (mL) of blood forced out of heart each beat
What are the blood types?
Type A: A antigens, B antibodies
Type B: B antigens, A antibodies
Type AB: has A and B antigens, and no AB antibodies
Type O: has no AB antigens, and has both A and B antibodies
What are blood transfusions
Tend to only be the blood cells which means only antigens are transfused
How do blood types transfuse
When a specific antigen and matching antibody are compatible
What is the universal donor
Blood type O - lack of antigen (invisible)
What is the universal recipient
Blood type AB - contains neither antibodies
What are the immune cell types
T cells, B cells, and NK cells
What is the first line of defence
Ex: eyelashes, skin, mucous
What is the second line of defence
Fever, inflammatory response
What is the third line of defence
Immunity
What are the types of T Cells
- Helper T cells
- Killer T cells
- suppressor T cells
- Memory T cells
What are the different types of B Cells?
- Plasma cell produces and releases large amounts of antibodies
- Memory B cell
What is ECG
Electrocardiography - measures the electrical activity of the heart
What is an abnormal ECG
Anything from an abnormal heart rate to irregular rhythm
What is PQRST
Measured for pain assessment
