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ANATOMY > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Mesentery and Functions

A

Sheet of fused serious membranes that hold organs in place,
Store fat
Provides path for blood vessels

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2
Q

Ingestion

A

The initial intake of food ( eating)

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3
Q

Propulsion

A

Movement of food through alimentary canal ( swallowing, and peristalsis)

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4
Q

Segmentation

A

Mixing of food with digestive juices for more efficient absorption
Form of mechanical breakdown

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5
Q

Digestion

A

Enzymes are secreted and breakdown food molecules
Catabolic

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6
Q

Absorption

A

Digested end products get absorbed by active or passive digestion into blood or lymph

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7
Q

Mucosa and Functions

A

Inner lining of GI tract
Protect from infection/ disease
Secrete mucus
Absorb digestive end products

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8
Q

3 parts of mucosa

A

Epithelium - simple columnar most of the time
Lamina Propria - nourishes epithelium
Muscularis mucosae - provides movement of mucosa to aid digestion and absorption

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9
Q

Submucosa

A

Supplies blood vessels. Lymph and nerves returns stomach to original shape after a temporary large meal

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10
Q

Muscularis Externa

A

Smooth muscle superficial to submucosa composed of longitudinal and circular layer. Forms sphincters and responsible for peristalsis and segmentation

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11
Q

Serosa

A

Visceral peritoneum reduces friction and lubricates

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12
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Nerve supply to GI tract Controls blood flow, motility and has more neurons in spinal cord. Can function independently of CNS.

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13
Q

Myenteric Nerve Plexus

A

Between longitudinal and circular muscles of muscularis Externa

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14
Q

3 salivary glands

A

Submandibular
Parotid
Sublingual

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15
Q

What is saliva composed of

A

Electrolytes
Water
Salivary amylase and lingual lipase
Proteins
Urea and uric acid

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16
Q

Omentum

A

Fatty blankets that cover intestines adhere to inflammation — calls immune cells.

17
Q

Folliate Papillae

A

Folds on side of tongue that allow for perception

18
Q

Vallarta papillae

A

V shaped full of taste buds.

19
Q

Pharynx

A

Connects esophagus and nasal cavity to larynx.
Deep longitudinal layer and superficial circular layer that forces food down

20
Q

Esophagus

A

Top 3rd skeletal
Lowest third smooth
Middle mix of both
Joints stomach at cardiac sphincter

21
Q

What happens when chyme moves back into esophagus

A

Acidic chyme can lead to heartburn

22
Q

Presby esophagus and Mega esophagus

A

When sphincter and esophagus don’t coordinate leading to stomach content into esophagus or buildup if sphincter doesn’t open.

23
Q

Swallowing Process

A

Buccal Phase - voluntary, tongue presses up forcing food down oral pharynx
Pharyngeal- Esophageal Phase - involuntary tongue blocks mouth epiglottis covers trachea

24
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Confined in tongue and NOT attached to bone

25
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Attached to bone and extend to tongue ( changes tongue position)

26
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Functions
Source
Stimulus
Target Organ

A

Functions : inhibit gastric secretion, stim pancreatic juice, relax sphincter, expel bile
Duodenal Mucosa
Fatty Chyme
Stomach, Pancreas/ Liver , Sphincter, Gall bladder

27
Q

GIP ( gastric inhibitory peptide)
Functions
Source
Stimulus
Target Organs

A

Inhibit HCl production and STIMS INSULIN RELEASE
Duodenal Glands
Fatty Chyme
Stomach, Pancreas

28
Q

Gastrin
Function
Source
Stimulus
Target Organs

A

MORE HCl production, STIMS gastric emptying, Stims contraction and mass movement
G cells in stomach
Food in stomach or ACh
Parietal cells, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

29
Q

Histamine
Functions
Source
Stimulus
Target Area

A

Increases HCl production
Enteric endocrine glands in stomach
Food in tum tum
Stomach

30
Q

Intrinsic Factor

A

Glycoprotein for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 – for mature erythrocytes

ANATOMY (9 decks)

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