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Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

How do we test for glucose?

A

Add 2ml of benedict’s solution and heat in water bath at 90 degree celsius

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2
Q

What is a negative result for a test for glucose?

A

Solution stays blue

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3
Q

What is a positive test for glucose?

A

Solution turns brick red

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4
Q

How do you test for starch?

A

Add 2ml of iodine

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5
Q

Negative test for starch?

A

No change/stays yellow-brown

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6
Q

Positive test for starch?

A

Turns blue-black

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7
Q

How to test for protein?

A

Add 2ml of Biuret’s solution

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8
Q

Negative test for protein?

A

Biuret’s stays blue

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9
Q

Positive test for protein?

A

Turns purple/lilac

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10
Q

How to test for lipids?

A

Add 2 drops of sample onto filter paper

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11
Q

Negative test for lipids?

A

Paper remains opaque

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12
Q

Positive test for lipids?

A

Filter paper turns translucent

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13
Q

Why it difficult to test orange juice for lipids/protein/starch/glucose?

A

The tests use colour to show if they are positive or negative and orange juice is coloured.

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14
Q

what are the 7 key nutrients?

A

Water, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fibre and fats

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15
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

When all 7 food groups are eaten in the right amounts

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16
Q

Why do we need water?

A

To bring nutrients to cells + protect joints/muscles

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17
Q

What happens if you don’t get enough water?

A

Body can’t carry out normal functions and shuts down

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18
Q

Why do we need protein?

A

Growth and repair

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19
Q

What happens if too much/too little protein is eaten?

A

Swelling, weak immune system, bone/muscle loss

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20
Q

Why do we need carbohydrates?

A

To provide glucose for energy

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21
Q

What happens if too many/too few carbohydrates are eaten?

A

Weakness, light headedness, heartache, fatigue

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22
Q

Why do we need vitamins?

A

Fighting infections, wound healing, strengthening bones

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23
Q

What happens if too many/too few vitamins are eaten?

A

Increased risk of cancers, heart disease, diabetes

24
Q

Why do we need minerals?

A

To maintain bone, muscle, heart and brain health

25
Q

What happens if we eat too many/too few minerals?

A

Increased risk of cancers, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, depression

26
Q

Why do we need fibre?

A

Lowers risk of heart disease, type 2 disease, bowel cancer and helps digestion

27
Q

What happens if we eat too much/too little fibre?

A

Bloating, abdominal pain, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, heart disease some cancers

28
Q

Why do we need fat?

A

Helps absorb vitamins

29
Q

What happens if we eat too much/too little fat?

A

Weaker immune system, rashes, hair loss, heart disease, cancer

30
Q

What is a deficiency disease?

A

A lack of certain vitamins or minerals

31
Q

What does a vitamin D deficiency cause?

A

Rickets (problems forming bones - may result in bowed legs)

32
Q

What does a vitamin A deficiency cause?

A

Eyesight issues - specifically light detection cell function

33
Q

What does a mineral iron deficiency cause?

A

Anaemia (problems making haemoglobin in red blood cells) - pale, lacking energy

34
Q

What does pepsin do (in the stomach)?

A

Breaks down protein

35
Q

What does hydrochloric acid do (in the stomach)?

A

Activates the pepsin

36
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Break down larger molecules of food into smaller ones so they can be digested

37
Q

What do carbohydrases break down?

A

Starch

38
Q

What do carbohydrases break starch down into?

A

Glucose

39
Q

Which enzyme breaks down starch into glucose?

A

Carbohydrases

40
Q

What do proteases break down?

A

Protein

41
Q

What do proteases break protein down into?

A

Amino acids

42
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids?

A

Proteases

43
Q

What do lipases break down?

A

fat

44
Q

What do lipases break fat down into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

45
Q

What enzyme breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Lipases

46
Q

Where are carbohydrases found?

A

In the mouth/small intestine

47
Q

What enzyme is found in the mouth/small intestine?

A

Carbohydrase

48
Q

Where are proteases found?

A

In the stomach/small intestine

49
Q

What enzyme is found in the stomach/small intestine

A

Protease

50
Q

Where are lipases found?

A

In the small intestine

51
Q

Which enzyme is found in the small intestine?

A

Lipase

52
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

Chews food and mixes with saliva

53
Q

What does the oesophagus do?

A

Food passes down the tube

54
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids

55
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Digestion is completed and nutrients pass into the blood

56
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Water passes into the body, leaving the feces

Biology (6 decks)

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