Digestion Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

How do we test for glucose?

A

Add 2ml of benedict’s solution and heat in water bath at 90 degree celsius

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2
Q

What is a negative result for a test for glucose?

A

Solution stays blue

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3
Q

What is a positive test for glucose?

A

Solution turns brick red

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4
Q

How do you test for starch?

A

Add 2ml of iodine

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5
Q

Negative test for starch?

A

No change/stays yellow-brown

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6
Q

Positive test for starch?

A

Turns blue-black

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7
Q

How to test for protein?

A

Add 2ml of Biuret’s solution

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8
Q

Negative test for protein?

A

Biuret’s stays blue

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9
Q

Positive test for protein?

A

Turns purple/lilac

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10
Q

How to test for lipids?

A

Add 2 drops of sample onto filter paper

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11
Q

Negative test for lipids?

A

Paper remains opaque

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12
Q

Positive test for lipids?

A

Filter paper turns translucent

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13
Q

Why it difficult to test orange juice for lipids/protein/starch/glucose?

A

The tests use colour to show if they are positive or negative and orange juice is coloured.

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14
Q

what are the 7 key nutrients?

A

Water, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fibre and fats

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15
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

When all 7 food groups are eaten in the right amounts

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16
Q

Why do we need water?

A

To bring nutrients to cells + protect joints/muscles

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17
Q

What happens if you don’t get enough water?

A

Body can’t carry out normal functions and shuts down

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18
Q

Why do we need protein?

A

Growth and repair

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19
Q

What happens if too much/too little protein is eaten?

A

Swelling, weak immune system, bone/muscle loss

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20
Q

Why do we need carbohydrates?

A

To provide glucose for energy

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21
Q

What happens if too many/too few carbohydrates are eaten?

A

Weakness, light headedness, heartache, fatigue

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22
Q

Why do we need vitamins?

A

Fighting infections, wound healing, strengthening bones

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23
Q

What happens if too many/too few vitamins are eaten?

A

Increased risk of cancers, heart disease, diabetes

24
Q

Why do we need minerals?

A

To maintain bone, muscle, heart and brain health

25
What happens if we eat too many/too few minerals?
Increased risk of cancers, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, depression
26
Why do we need fibre?
Lowers risk of heart disease, type 2 disease, bowel cancer and helps digestion
27
What happens if we eat too much/too little fibre?
Bloating, abdominal pain, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, heart disease some cancers
28
Why do we need fat?
Helps absorb vitamins
29
What happens if we eat too much/too little fat?
Weaker immune system, rashes, hair loss, heart disease, cancer
30
What is a deficiency disease?
A lack of certain vitamins or minerals
31
What does a vitamin D deficiency cause?
Rickets (problems forming bones - may result in bowed legs)
32
What does a vitamin A deficiency cause?
Eyesight issues - specifically light detection cell function
33
What does a mineral iron deficiency cause?
Anaemia (problems making haemoglobin in red blood cells) - pale, lacking energy
34
What does pepsin do (in the stomach)?
Breaks down protein
35
What does hydrochloric acid do (in the stomach)?
Activates the pepsin
36
What do enzymes do?
Break down larger molecules of food into smaller ones so they can be digested
37
What do carbohydrases break down?
Starch
38
What do carbohydrases break starch down into?
Glucose
39
Which enzyme breaks down starch into glucose?
Carbohydrases
40
What do proteases break down?
Protein
41
What do proteases break protein down into?
Amino acids
42
What enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids?
Proteases
43
What do lipases break down?
fat
44
What do lipases break fat down into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
45
What enzyme breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipases
46
Where are carbohydrases found?
In the mouth/small intestine
47
What enzyme is found in the mouth/small intestine?
Carbohydrase
48
Where are proteases found?
In the stomach/small intestine
49
What enzyme is found in the stomach/small intestine
Protease
50
Where are lipases found?
In the small intestine
51
Which enzyme is found in the small intestine?
Lipase
52
What does the mouth do?
Chews food and mixes with saliva
53
What does the oesophagus do?
Food passes down the tube
54
What does the stomach do?
Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids
55
What does the small intestine do?
Digestion is completed and nutrients pass into the blood
56
What does the large intestine do?
Water passes into the body, leaving the feces