Digestion

Question 1

What is the equation for hydrolysis ?

Answer 1

substrate + water -> products

Question 2

How is Glucose absorbed ?

Answer 2

Co-transport

Question 3

How is Galactose absorbed ?

Answer 3

Co-Transport

Question 4

How is Fructose absorbed ?

Answer 4

Facilitated Diffusion - Carrier Protein

Question 5

How is Starch absorbed ?

Answer 5

Uses Amylase to hydrolyse into Maltose

Question 6

How is Maltose absorbed ?

Answer 6

Uses Maltase to hydrolyse into Glucose

Question 7

How is Lactose absorbed ?

Answer 7

Uses Lactase to hydrolyse into Glucose and Galactose

Question 8

How is Sucrose absorbed ?

Answer 8

Uses Sucrase to hydrolyse into Glucose and Fructose

Question 9

Where is Amylase found ?

Answer 9

• Salivary gland
• Pancreas

Question 10

Where is Lactase found ?

Answer 10

Cell membrane of the Small Intestine epithelial cells

Question 11

Where is Sucrase found ?

Answer 11

Cell membrane of the Small Intestine epithelial cells

Question 12

Where is Maltase found ?

Answer 12

Cell membrane of the Small Intestine epithelial cells

Question 13

What are endopeptidases ?

Answer 13

Enzyme that hydrolises the peptide bonds in the middle of a polypeptide (in a tertiary structure)

Question 14

What are exopeptidases ?

Answer 14

Enzyme that hydrolises the peptide bonds at the end of a polypeptide (in a tertiary structure)

Question 15

Why is it better to use both exo and endopeptidases ?

Answer 15

Rapidly increases surface area for degestion and absorption

Question 16

How are amino acids absorbed ?

Answer 16

• Sodium ions exit intestine by active transport
• Creates a concentration gradient -> Amino Acids enter intestine by facilitated diffusion

Question 17

Where is lipase found ?

Answer 17

Pancreas, found in small intestine

Question 18

Where are bile salts found ?

Answer 18

Produced by the liver, found in small intestine

Question 19

How are lipids broken down ?

Answer 19

(bile salts) (lipase) (bile)
Lipids -> Lipid drops -> Monoglyceride + Fatty Acids -> Micelles

Question 20

What are micelles ?

Answer 20

Condensed form of lipid that can pass through membranes`

Question 21

How are micelles (or lipids) absorbed ?

Answer 21

Micelles exit membrane (in the form of monoglyceride + fatty acids) and exit by a vesicle into the lymphatic system

Question 22

What does bile do ?

Answer 22

Emulsify Lipids (increased surface area)