Digestion

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

eating

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

breaking down food

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

taking in nutrients

Question 4

elimination

Answer 4

excreating waste

Question 5

Parts of the digestive system in order

Answer 5

1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine

Question 5

Parts of the digestive system in order

Answer 5

1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

required co-factors that cannot be made

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

Things we cannot make in our body that are responsible for structure, homeostasis, signaling, cofactors and structure

Question 8

Building blocks of the body

Answer 8

fats, proteins, carbohydrates

Question 9

Essential nutrients

Answer 9

things that we cannot make in our body like essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals

Question 10

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 10

containing no double bonds

Question 11

Monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 11

containing only one double bond

Question 12

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 12

containing multiple double bonds

Question 13

Creation of double bonds

Answer 13

made by desaturases which is a type of enzyme that is specified by the end of the tail

Question 14

Omegas

Answer 14

Omega-___ are the name of the fatty acid that indicates how many carbons away from the end of the tail is the double bond. This is one way to identify the fatty acid.

Question 15

Omega-6 and Omega-3

Answer 15

Essential fatty acids that all other fatty acids are based on, and they have opposite functions. Omega-6 is an inflammatory and Omega-3 is an anti-inflammatory

Question 16

Cholesterol

Answer 16

The precursor for all steroid hormones that can be made in the human body on the condition of getting enough UV light.

Question 17

Incomplete digestive track

Answer 17

Food and waste use the same opening

Question 18

Complete digestive track

Answer 18

Food in one way and waste out a different way

Question 19

Secondary digestive structures

Answer 19

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 20

Missing enzymes

Answer 20

vitamins

Question 21

Digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 21

Mouth - salivary amylase / Mastication
Small intestine - pancreatic amylase
Absorbed in the small intestine by facilitated diffusion and cotransport

Question 22

Digestion of Proteins

Answer 22

Stomach - pepsin
Lumen of small intestine - trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboyxypeptidase

Question 23

Peristalsis

Answer 23

rhythmic contractions of the esophagus

Question 24

Stomach acid

Answer 24

Acid is at ph 2 and is caused by the release of hydrochloric acid which is added by pumping protons and Cl into the stomach. It is released by parietal cells

Question 25

Mucous cells

Answer 25

Lining of the stomach to protect from acid

Question 26

Small intestine anatomy

Answer 26

Long tube that is highly folded with villi on the folds that has blood cappilaries and lymphatic capillaries inside that absorbs the nutriences

Question 27

Lipids Digestion

Answer 27

Mouth - lipase Stomach - lipase Small intestine - Bile salts, lipase

Question 28

Bile salts

Answer 28

an amphiphillic molecule that emulsifies the fats so lipase can act on it

Question 29

Emulsification

Answer 29

Large fat globules are separated by bile salts into smaller fat droplets

Question 30

Large intestine

Answer 30

Reabsorbs water and salts to create feces

Question 31

Pyramid of nutrition

Answer 31

1. Water 2. Carbohydrates 3. proteins 4. fats 5. Minerals 6. vitamins

Question 32

Essential amino acids

Answer 32

9 amino acids that we can only get through our food

Question 33

Essential amino acids

Answer 33

9 amino acids that we can only get through our food

Question 34

Linoleic acid

Answer 34

Omega-6 essential fatty acid

Question 35

Alpha-linolenic acid

Answer 35

Omega-3 essential fatty acid

Question 35

Alpha-linolenic acid

Answer 35

Omega-3 essential fatty acid

Question 36

Process of making cholesterol

Answer 36

1. Isoprene 2. Squalene - many isoprenes 3. cholesterol

Question 37

Digestion of lipids

Answer 37

1. Mouth - lingual lipase 2. Lumen of small intestine - bile salts and pancreatic lipase 3. Absorbtion by simple diffusion 4. To the blood stream via lymph nodes