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BIO 101 Final > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Ingestion

A

eating

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2
Q

Digestion

A

breaking down food

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3
Q

Absorption

A

taking in nutrients

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4
Q

elimination

A

excreating waste

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5
Q

Parts of the digestive system in order

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
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5
Q

Parts of the digestive system in order

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
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6
Q

Vitamins

A

required co-factors that cannot be made

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7
Q

Minerals

A

Things we cannot make in our body that are responsible for structure, homeostasis, signaling, cofactors and structure

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8
Q

Building blocks of the body

A

fats, proteins, carbohydrates

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9
Q

Essential nutrients

A

things that we cannot make in our body like essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals

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10
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

containing no double bonds

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11
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acids

A

containing only one double bond

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12
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

containing multiple double bonds

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13
Q

Creation of double bonds

A

made by desaturases which is a type of enzyme that is specified by the end of the tail

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14
Q

Omegas

A

Omega-___ are the name of the fatty acid that indicates how many carbons away from the end of the tail is the double bond. This is one way to identify the fatty acid.

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15
Q

Omega-6 and Omega-3

A

Essential fatty acids that all other fatty acids are based on, and they have opposite functions. Omega-6 is an inflammatory and Omega-3 is an anti-inflammatory

16
Q

Cholesterol

A

The precursor for all steroid hormones that can be made in the human body on the condition of getting enough UV light.

17
Q

Incomplete digestive track

A

Food and waste use the same opening

18
Q

Complete digestive track

A

Food in one way and waste out a different way

19
Q

Secondary digestive structures

A

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

20
Q

Missing enzymes

A

vitamins

21
Q

Digestion of carbohydrates

A

Mouth - salivary amylase / Mastication
Small intestine - pancreatic amylase
Absorbed in the small intestine by facilitated diffusion and cotransport

22
Q

Digestion of Proteins

A

Stomach - pepsin
Lumen of small intestine - trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboyxypeptidase

23
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of the esophagus

24
Q

Stomach acid

A

Acid is at ph 2 and is caused by the release of hydrochloric acid which is added by pumping protons and Cl into the stomach. It is released by parietal cells

25
Q

Mucous cells

A

Lining of the stomach to protect from acid

26
Q

Small intestine anatomy

A

Long tube that is highly folded with villi on the folds that has blood cappilaries and lymphatic capillaries inside that absorbs the nutriences

27
Q

Lipids Digestion

A

Mouth - lipase
Stomach - lipase
Small intestine - Bile salts, lipase

28
Q

Bile salts

A

an amphiphillic molecule that emulsifies the fats so lipase can act on it

29
Q

Emulsification

A

Large fat globules are separated by bile salts into smaller fat droplets

30
Q

Large intestine

A

Reabsorbs water and salts to create feces

31
Q

Pyramid of nutrition

A
  1. Water
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. proteins
  4. fats
  5. Minerals
  6. vitamins
32
Q

Essential amino acids

A

9 amino acids that we can only get through our food

33
Q

Essential amino acids

A

9 amino acids that we can only get through our food

34
Q

Linoleic acid

A

Omega-6 essential fatty acid

35
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid

A

Omega-3 essential fatty acid

35
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid

A

Omega-3 essential fatty acid

36
Q

Process of making cholesterol

A
  1. Isoprene
  2. Squalene - many isoprenes
  3. cholesterol
37
Q

Digestion of lipids

A
  1. Mouth - lingual lipase
  2. Lumen of small intestine - bile salts and pancreatic lipase
  3. Absorbtion by simple diffusion
  4. To the blood stream via lymph nodes

BIO 101 Final (7 decks)

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