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DIGESTION Flashcards

1
Q

Ball mixture of food and saliva

A

Bolus

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2
Q

Chemical digestion in the mouth takes place in the?

A

Buccal cavity

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3
Q

Chemical digestion in the mouth takes place in the buccal cavity and to a certain extent in the?

A

Fundus

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4
Q

Substrates which are broken down in the mouth

A

Starch
Glycogen

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5
Q

Hydrolysis of starch by

A

Salivary amylase/ Ptyalin

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6
Q

Is colorless, slightly viscid, opalescent fluid

A

Saliva

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7
Q

Salivary gland rich in ptyalin and is watery

A

Parotid glands

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8
Q

Salivary glands rich in mucin and is viscid

A

Sublingual glands

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9
Q

Salivary glands in the maxillary area

A

Submandibular glands

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10
Q

Average secretion of Saliva

A

1,500 mL/day

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11
Q

Organic matters in Saliva

A

Mucin
Ptyalin
Urea
Glucose
Lactic acid

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12
Q

Inorganic matters in Saliva

A

Chlorine
Sodium biocarbonate
Potassium
Calcium
Sulfate ion
Phosphate ion

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13
Q

pH of saliva when active

A

7.0 - 7.3

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14
Q

pH of saliva when resting

A

6.4-6.9

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15
Q

It functions to moisten and reduce the foods into a consistency suitable for swallowing

A

Saliva

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16
Q

Factors influencing saliva secretion

A

Psychic factor
Chemical factor
Mechanical factor

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17
Q

Salivary amylase also known as

A

Ptyalin

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18
Q

Endoamylase acts only on

A

aplha 1,4-glycosidic linkages

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19
Q

Activators of salivary amylase

A

Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Nitrate

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20
Q

optimum pH of salivary amylase

A

6.9

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21
Q

Salivary amylase inactivated by

A

Pepsin

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22
Q

Digestion that is concerned with the digestion of proteins

A

Gastric digestion

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23
Q

Enzymes involved in gastric digestion

A

Pepsin
Hydrochloric acid

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24
Q

3 phases of acid gastric juice secretion

A

Psychic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

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25
The stimulation of the gastric juice secretion due to the smell, sight, taste or thought of food
Psychic/Cephalic phase
26
stimulation due to the chemicals present in food
Gastric phase
27
presence of low pH (acid chime) and/or irritants
Intestinal phase
28
HCl is secreted by?
Parietal cell
29
Pepsin is secreted by?
Chief cells
30
Mucin is secreted by?
Mucous cells
31
Average secretion of Gastric juice
2-3 L per day
32
Organic constituents of gastric juice
Mucin Pepsin Lipase
33
Inorganic constituents of gastric juice
Hydrochloric acid Potassium Chloride Phosphate ion
34
The main digestive constituent of the gastric juice secreted by Chief cells
Pepsin
35
Inactive form of Pepsin
Pepsinogen
36
It is autocatalytic
Pepsin
37
Optimum pH of pepsin to be active
1.5 - 2.5
38
It acts on peptide bonds
Endopeptidase
39
It protects the mucous membrane of the stomach and acts as buffers for HCl
Mucin
40
Mucin promotes absorption of
Vitamin B12
41
pH level of HCl
0.87
42
It provides a suitable pH for protein digestion by pepsin
HCl
43
HCl facilities absorption of
Iron
44
HCl Activates
Pepsinogen
45
HCl stimulates secretion of
Secretin
46
Rennin is also known as
Chymosin
47
Milk-curdling enzyme found in the gastric juice of newborns
Rennin/Chymosin
48
Rennin has _____ or _____ ____ but high conc. HCl
Little or no pepsin
49
Absence of free HCl seen in pernicious anemia
Achlorhydria
50
partial or complete absence of gastric juice and indicates degeneration of the gastric glands
Achylia gastrica
51
suggestive of chronic gastritis or gastric carcinoma
Hypochlorhydria
52
suggestive of peptic ulcer, cholecystitis
Hyperchlorhydria
53
Importance intestinal secretions for digestion
Pancreatic Intestinal Bile
54
It is produced by acinar cells of the pancreas
Pancreatic juice
55
Consistency of pancreatic juice
Clear, watery solution
56
Organic matters in Pancreatic juice (Enzymes)
trypsin chymotrypsin steapsin diastase nucleolytic enzymes
57
Inorganic matters in Pancreatic juice
Sodium Potassium Calcium Bicarbonate Chlorine Phosphate ion
58
secretion is rich in enzymes but less volume of concentration of HCl
Vagal stimulation
59
stimulates the secretion of a fluid of high volume and HCO3- ; low in enzymes
Secretin
60
secretion similar to vagal stimulation; stimulates enzyme secretion
Pancreozymin
61
Endopeptidase acting on peptide linkage involving the COOH group of _________ and __________.
Arginine & Lysine
62
It is activated by enterokinase (intestinal juice)
Trypsinogen
63
Chymotrypsin is actived by
Trypsin
64
Endopeptidase: Ø ______________ Ø ______________ Ø ______________
Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan
65
Has a milk-curdling effect
Chymotrypsin
66
Other name for Pancreatic amylase
Diastase
67
pH level of Pancreatic amylase
pH 7.1
68
weak lipolytic enzyme
Pancreatic lipase/Steapsin
69
Other name for Pancreatic lipase
Steapsin
70
Action of Pancreatic lipase is potentiated by
bile acids, Ca & certain amino acids
71
Combined secretion of the intestinal glands at different portions:
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
72
Controlling hormones
secretin and enterocrinin
73
Secreted by the intestinal mucosa; stimulates the mucosal glands
Enterocrinin
74
Increases the volume of fluid and the content of enzymes
Enterocrinin
75
clear, golden yellow, slightly viscid fluid
Bile
76
Bile is secreted by
Liver cells/ hepatocytes
77
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
78
pH level of bile
7 - 8.5
79
Organic components of bile
Bile acid Bile pigments Cholesterol Phospholipid Mucin Urea ALP
80
Inorganic components of bile
Bicarbonate Chlorine Sodium Potassium
81
stimulates discharge of bile into the bowel
Cholecystokinin
82
substances that stimulate flow of bile
Cholagogues
83
Name the five bile acids
Cholic 26-60% Chenodeoxycholic 30-50% Deoxycholic 5-25% Glycocholic Taurocholic
84
What are the functions of bile acids (A, E, C, N, A, M)
- Activate steapsin - Emulsification - Choleretics - Neutralization of acid (pH >7) - Aid in absorption of fat and fat- soluble substances (Hydrotropic effect) - Maintain cholesterol in solution
85
Life span of RBCs
120 days
86
Bile pigments are from the degradation of
Hemoglobin
87
bacterial degradation of carbohydrates under anaerobic condition
Fermentation
88
Products of Fermentation
Organic acids & gases
89
Examples of organic acids as product of fermentation (L, A, F, P, S)
lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid and succinic acid
90
Examples of gases as product of fermentation
Methane Carbon dioxide Hydrogen
91
bacterial decomposition of proteins under anaerobic condition
Putrefaction
92
Tryptophan —> _____+_____
Indole + Skatole
93
removal of amine group from simple amino acids to form short- chain organic acids
Deamination
94
removal of carboxyl group forming amines
Decarboxylation

BIOCHEM (10 decks)

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