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Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental structures of living organisms

A

Cells

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2
Q

Latin Cella means?

A

Small room

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3
Q

Who used the first microscope?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

What did Anton magnify to the microscope?

A

slice of cork

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5
Q

proposed the cell theory

A

Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann and Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

Tells that all living things are made up of cells and comes from preexisting cells through cell division

A

Cell theory

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7
Q

Semi-permeable membrane and cell’s outer boundary that plays role in cellular communication

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Study of cells

A

Cytology

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9
Q

A barrier separating the internal and external environment of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

Controls the flow of substance or is selective barrier

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

The arrangement of molecules within the membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

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12
Q

Polar also known as?

A

Hydrophilic

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13
Q

Nonpolar also known as?

A

Hydrophobic

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14
Q

It span the entire lipid bilayer

A

Integral proteins/Transmembrane proteins

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15
Q

It acts as channels and transporters to assist the entrance of certain substances like glucose and ions

A

Integral proteins/Transmembrane proteins

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16
Q

It is attached to the inner or outer surface of the membrane and doesn’t extend through it

A

Peripheral proteins

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17
Q

The carbohydrate portions of the glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

Glycocalyx

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18
Q

It is for cell recognition in immunity, to recognize it is an enemy or ally

A

Molecular signatures/cell identity markers

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19
Q

It is a spherical sac that contain the target or victim

A

Vesicles

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20
Q

The excretion of particles via the vesicles out to the ECF

A

Exocytosis

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21
Q

The movement of particles into the plasma membrane

A

Endocytosis

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22
Q

What you call cell engulfing

A

Phagocytosis

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23
Q

What you call cell drinking

A

Endocytosis

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24
Q

All the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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25
The fluid portion of cytoplasm where all chemical reactions occur
Cytosol
26
The network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytosol
Cytoskeleton
27
The thinnest filament that functions as mechanical support and generate movement by contraction, has actin and myosin
Microfilaments
28
The mid filament that withstands mechanical stress
Intermediate filaments
29
The thickest filament that forms mitotic spindle fibers, tubulin:hollowtubes
Microtubule
30
It moves the substance along the surface and is like short hair like projections
Cilia
31
It moves the whole cell
Flagella
32
subcellular structures having characteristics shapes and specifications for metabolism
Organelles
33
Is located near the nucleus
Centrosome
34
Has cylindrical structure
centrioles
35
Ring shape complex made of tubulin for mitotic spindle
Pericentriolar material
36
Sites for protein synthesis and made up of mostly tRNA and rRNA, synthesized in nucleolus
Ribosomes
37
Synthesized proteins used in the cytosol
Free ribosomes
38
Network of membranes in the shape of flattened sacs
Endoplasmic reticulum
39
Connected to the nuclear envelope
Rough ER
40
Series of flattened sacs
Rough ER
41
It us studded with ribosomes
Rough ER
42
Functions for synthesizer of glycoproteins and phospholipids
Rough ER
43
A network of membrane tubules with no ribosomes
Smooth ER
44
It synthesizes fatty acid and steriod
Smooth ER
45
It detoxifies drugs and alcohol
Smooth ER
46
It consist of 3-20 flattened, modify, sort and package proteins for transport to different destinations
Golgi complex
47
How are protiens transported by Golgi complex?
Secretory vesicles
48
The membranous sac found in Golgi complex
Cisternae
49
Vesicles that form from the golgi complex and contains powerful digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
50
The suicide bag of the cell
Lysosomes
51
When worn out cells are digested
Autophagy
52
Vesicle that encloses an entire organelle
Autophagosome
53
The fusion of autophagosome and lysosome
Autophagolysosome
54
Self destruction in disease states
Autolysis
55
When head of sperm releases lysosomal enzymes to penetrate the ova
Acrosomal reaction
56
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
57
A disease with Seizures and muscle ridgidity because of lack if Hex A to eliminate ganglioside Gm2 accumulating in the nerves
TaySach's disease
58
It is smaller than lysosomes and detoxify several toxic substances such as alcohol
Peroxisomes
59
It has oxidases to deactivate harmful products of normal metabolism and us abundant in the liver
Peroxisomes
60
It continuously destroys unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins and is found in the cytosol and nucleus
Proteasomes
61
It generates ATP
Mitochondria
62
Mitochondria generates ATP from?
Aerobic cellular respiration
63
Abundant in muscle, liver and kidneys
Mitochondria
64
Self replicate during times of increased cellular demand or before cell division
Mitochondrial DNA
65
Series of folds of inner membrane
Cristae
66
Larger central fluid-filled cavity
Matrix
67
It contains chromosome each of which consists of a single molecule of DNA
Nucleus
68
True or False: Mature rbc contains no nucleus
Trues
69
The hereditary units
Genes
70
A double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
71
It controls movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm
Nuclear pores
72
A spherical body that produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
73
It controls activities and structure of the cell
Genes
74
Long molecules of DNA combined with protein molecules with 23 pairs
Chromosomes
75
Are important proteins where the DNA coils or wraps itself to be more organized
Histones
76
A chromatin wrapped further
Chromatid
77
4 histones + DNA =?
Nucleosome strands
78
Histone+DNA
Chromatin
79
The total genetic info carried in a cell
Genome
80
Transcription happens in?
Nucleus
81
Translation happens in?
Cytoplasm
82
The cellular reproduction
Cell division
83
It involves all somatic cells other than germ cells and produces 2 identical cells
Somatic cell division
84
The nuclear division
Mitosis
85
The cytoplasmic division
Cytokinesis
86
It involves germs cells only
Reproductive cell division
87
A sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides in two
Cell cycle
88
The preparation for mitosis and involves growth, and DNA replication
Interphase
89
Where chromatins condenses to chromatids
Prophase
90
The lining up of chromatid pairs
Metaphase
91
When centromeres split and identical sets chromosomes migrate
Anaphase
92
Reappearance of nucleus and contents
Telophase
93
Formation of 2 identical daughter cells
Cytokinesis
94
A transport that doesn’t require ATP
Passive transport
95
Is the passive movement of particles into membrane until equilibrium is achieved via kinetic energy
Diffusion
96
A type of diffusion where water moves from low concentration gradient to a higher concentration to achieve equilibrium
Osmosis
97
Transport that requires ATP to move particles across the membrane
Active transport
98
Is applicable to large substances like bacteria, virus, worn-outcells
Transport using vesicles

BIOCHEM (10 decks)

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