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BIOCHEM > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental structures of living organisms

A

Cells

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2
Q

Latin Cella means?

A

Small room

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3
Q

Who used the first microscope?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

What did Anton magnify to the microscope?

A

slice of cork

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5
Q

proposed the cell theory

A

Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann and Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

Tells that all living things are made up of cells and comes from preexisting cells through cell division

A

Cell theory

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7
Q

Semi-permeable membrane and cell’s outer boundary that plays role in cellular communication

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Study of cells

A

Cytology

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9
Q

A barrier separating the internal and external environment of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

Controls the flow of substance or is selective barrier

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

The arrangement of molecules within the membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

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12
Q

Polar also known as?

A

Hydrophilic

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13
Q

Nonpolar also known as?

A

Hydrophobic

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14
Q

It span the entire lipid bilayer

A

Integral proteins/Transmembrane proteins

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15
Q

It acts as channels and transporters to assist the entrance of certain substances like glucose and ions

A

Integral proteins/Transmembrane proteins

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16
Q

It is attached to the inner or outer surface of the membrane and doesn’t extend through it

A

Peripheral proteins

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17
Q

The carbohydrate portions of the glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

Glycocalyx

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18
Q

It is for cell recognition in immunity, to recognize it is an enemy or ally

A

Molecular signatures/cell identity markers

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19
Q

It is a spherical sac that contain the target or victim

A

Vesicles

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20
Q

The excretion of particles via the vesicles out to the ECF

A

Exocytosis

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21
Q

The movement of particles into the plasma membrane

A

Endocytosis

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22
Q

What you call cell engulfing

A

Phagocytosis

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23
Q

What you call cell drinking

A

Endocytosis

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24
Q

All the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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25
Q

The fluid portion of cytoplasm where all chemical reactions occur

A

Cytosol

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26
Q

The network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytosol

A

Cytoskeleton

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27
Q

The thinnest filament that functions as mechanical support and generate movement by contraction, has actin and myosin

A

Microfilaments

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28
Q

The mid filament that withstands mechanical stress

A

Intermediate filaments

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29
Q

The thickest filament that forms mitotic spindle fibers, tubulin:hollowtubes

A

Microtubule

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30
Q

It moves the substance along the surface and is like short hair like projections

A

Cilia

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31
Q

It moves the whole cell

A

Flagella

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32
Q

subcellular structures having characteristics shapes and specifications for metabolism

A

Organelles

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33
Q

Is located near the nucleus

A

Centrosome

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34
Q

Has cylindrical structure

A

centrioles

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35
Q

Ring shape complex made of tubulin for mitotic spindle

A

Pericentriolar material

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36
Q

Sites for protein synthesis and made up of mostly tRNA and rRNA, synthesized in nucleolus

A

Ribosomes

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37
Q

Synthesized proteins used in the cytosol

A

Free ribosomes

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38
Q

Network of membranes in the shape of flattened sacs

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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39
Q

Connected to the nuclear envelope

A

Rough ER

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40
Q

Series of flattened sacs

A

Rough ER

41
Q

It us studded with ribosomes

A

Rough ER

42
Q

Functions for synthesizer of glycoproteins and phospholipids

A

Rough ER

43
Q

A network of membrane tubules with no ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

44
Q

It synthesizes fatty acid and steriod

A

Smooth ER

45
Q

It detoxifies drugs and alcohol

A

Smooth ER

46
Q

It consist of 3-20 flattened, modify, sort and package proteins for transport to different destinations

A

Golgi complex

47
Q

How are protiens transported by Golgi complex?

A

Secretory vesicles

48
Q

The membranous sac found in Golgi complex

A

Cisternae

49
Q

Vesicles that form from the golgi complex and contains powerful digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

50
Q

The suicide bag of the cell

A

Lysosomes

51
Q

When worn out cells are digested

A

Autophagy

52
Q

Vesicle that encloses an entire organelle

A

Autophagosome

53
Q

The fusion of autophagosome and lysosome

A

Autophagolysosome

54
Q

Self destruction in disease states

A

Autolysis

55
Q

When head of sperm releases lysosomal enzymes to penetrate the ova

A

Acrosomal reaction

56
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

57
Q

A disease with Seizures and muscle ridgidity because of lack if Hex A to eliminate ganglioside Gm2 accumulating in the nerves

A

TaySach’s disease

58
Q

It is smaller than lysosomes and detoxify several toxic substances such as alcohol

A

Peroxisomes

59
Q

It has oxidases to deactivate harmful products of normal metabolism and us abundant in the liver

A

Peroxisomes

60
Q

It continuously destroys unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins and is found in the cytosol and nucleus

A

Proteasomes

61
Q

It generates ATP

A

Mitochondria

62
Q

Mitochondria generates ATP from?

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

63
Q

Abundant in muscle, liver and kidneys

A

Mitochondria

64
Q

Self replicate during times of increased cellular demand or before cell division

A

Mitochondrial DNA

65
Q

Series of folds of inner membrane

A

Cristae

66
Q

Larger central fluid-filled cavity

A

Matrix

67
Q

It contains chromosome each of which consists of a single molecule of DNA

A

Nucleus

68
Q

True or False: Mature rbc contains no nucleus

A

Trues

69
Q

The hereditary units

A

Genes

70
Q

A double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

71
Q

It controls movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear pores

72
Q

A spherical body that produces ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

73
Q

It controls activities and structure of the cell

A

Genes

74
Q

Long molecules of DNA combined with protein molecules with 23 pairs

A

Chromosomes

75
Q

Are important proteins where the DNA coils or wraps itself to be more organized

A

Histones

76
Q

A chromatin wrapped further

A

Chromatid

77
Q

4 histones + DNA =?

A

Nucleosome strands

78
Q

Histone+DNA

A

Chromatin

79
Q

The total genetic info carried in a cell

A

Genome

80
Q

Transcription happens in?

A

Nucleus

81
Q

Translation happens in?

A

Cytoplasm

82
Q

The cellular reproduction

A

Cell division

83
Q

It involves all somatic cells other than germ cells and produces 2 identical cells

A

Somatic cell division

84
Q

The nuclear division

A

Mitosis

85
Q

The cytoplasmic division

A

Cytokinesis

86
Q

It involves germs cells only

A

Reproductive cell division

87
Q

A sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides in two

A

Cell cycle

88
Q

The preparation for mitosis and involves growth, and DNA replication

A

Interphase

89
Q

Where chromatins condenses to chromatids

A

Prophase

90
Q

The lining up of chromatid pairs

A

Metaphase

91
Q

When centromeres split and identical sets chromosomes migrate

A

Anaphase

92
Q

Reappearance of nucleus and contents

A

Telophase

93
Q

Formation of 2 identical daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

94
Q

A transport that doesn’t require ATP

A

Passive transport

95
Q

Is the passive movement of particles into membrane until equilibrium is achieved via kinetic energy

A

Diffusion

96
Q

A type of diffusion where water moves from low concentration gradient to a higher concentration to achieve equilibrium

A

Osmosis

97
Q

Transport that requires ATP to move particles across the membrane

A

Active transport

98
Q

Is applicable to large substances like bacteria, virus, worn-outcells

A

Transport using vesicles

BIOCHEM (10 decks)

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