Digest Flashcards
What breaks down
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
Carbohydrase
Lipase
Protease
Enzymes
What are lipids Broken down into
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are carbohydrates broken down into
Glucose
What are proteins broken down into
Amino acids
Lipids carbohydrates and proteins are large molecules they all need to be Broken down into
Monomers
Why aren’t these broken down Minerals+vitamins
Water
Fibre
Minerals and vitamins are tiny
Water diffuses by osmosis
Fibre isn’t digested
What is mechanical digestion
Chewing and churning
What is chemical digestion
Enzymes
What is digestion
Large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules
Salivary gland contain which enzyme
Amylase
What is it called when muscle contracts and pushes food down in oesophagus
Peristalsis
Stomach
pH 1-2
Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria
Churns food
Mouth-tongue
Chewed into bolus shape
Easier shape to go down
Liver
Gall bladder
Bile
Pancreas (looks like bacon)
Insulin-stops blood sugar levels rising too high
Glucagon-stops blood sugar levels dropping too low (hypo)
Produces enzymes
Small intestine
Site of absorption
Villi(also covered in villi)-sf
Extra mitochondria for active transport(glucose->bloodstream)
Large intestine
Water absorption
Rectum
Fibre waste little water
Villi
-Surface area
-Supplies mitochondria with blood-oxygen +glucose for respiration for active transport
-maintains conc gradient-dialysis,lungs (small intestine one way blood the other)replaces blood without nutrients constantly
1 cell thick-shorter diffusion pathway
Bile jobs
(Breaks fats up) emulsified fats so they have a bigger SF
Lipase only works in alkaline solutions-neutralizes stomach acid
Where are lipase protease and amylase found
All produced by the pancreas
Lipase-small intestine
Protease-stomach and small intestine
Amylase-mouth small intestine
Lock and key
Enzymes active site is specific so only substrates with a complementary site will fit
The enzyme will either break the molecules down or combine them
Then the enzyme is reused
How temperature affects enzymes activity
Low temp-not enough energy
Peak-optimum temp(37)
Then-denatured
How ph affects enzymes activity
Low ph-denatured
Peak -optimal
High ph-denatured
