Diffrent types of views of socialism by socilaist

Question 1

socialist do disagree about their aims and methods on getting change

Answer 1

revolutionary socialism from the ideas of Karl Marx and Engles (Marxism). they do argue that socialist values cannot co exist with capitalism and consequently revolution is inevitable.
Marxism adapted by Lenin, Stalin mao and castro in a series of revolutions that did see capitalist societies replaced by societies called communist.
social democracy did emerge after the second world war and rejected revolutionary politics, evolutionary socialism instead achieve objective through existing constitional means.
1980s and 1990s third way did emerge as a combination of neo liberal and social democratic ideas. UK ,new labour of blair and brown clintons democratic party.

Question 2

what are the socialist views of social justice in revolutionary socialism?

Answer 2

• revolutionary socialist (like Marx, Engles and Luxemburg ) do argue for equality of outcome, rewards based on individuals contribution and absolute equality where everyone who contributes to society does receive the same reward.

-revolutionary socialist do argue that equality could be achieved only with the abolition of private property and common ownership of the means of production with workers control.

• revolutionary socialist and democratic socialist such as Beatrice Webb did argue that society run on collective lines, morally the group should take precedence over individual self interest.

Question 3

what are the social democratic views of social justice in socialism?

Answer 3

-social democrats focusses less on collectivism and more on reforming capitalism so that society could share the benefits of economic growth.
-social democrats argue for that society as a whole benefit must be a mixed economy using Keynesian economics that would maintain full employment and economic growth
-they do argue that society will benefit through equality of welfare to Takle poverty
-social democrats Anthony Crossland did argue for equality of opportunity in society with no class barriers or privileges, this would reform and restructure society.

Question 4

what do the third way think about social justice?

Answer 4

• Anthony Giddens did argue for a narrower focus on equality of opporurnity that social democracy, focusing on social investment with infrastructure and education.
  did argue that societal community is fundamental to offset the negative effects of free trade market globalisation. community brings social cohesion, social values and social responsibility, citizens are stakeholders in society

Question 5

what is socialism view of social justice?

Answer 5

• human nature and society are closely interlinked individual products of their society. consequently, improve society, improve behaviour of individuals.
  -social class divided society, socialist believe in social justice to achieve this it must be equality of outcome and narrowing gap between social classes.
  -positive capabilities of human nature and fraternity.
  -society should be based on equality as it does ensure economic fairness, reinforces collectivism and satisfies everyone basic human needs.

Question 6

what do the different tensions within socialism think of society?

Answer 6

• all socialist would see our social environment (society) as the crucial determinant of our personalities. if society would be improved there will therefore be improvements in attitude and behaviour.
  socialist do however disagree about whether society could be improved gradually.

Question 7

what do the different tensions within socialism think of society?

Answer 7

-revolutionary socialist such as Marx do think existing society is so sick that only a revolution would provide the necessary shock therapy.
-fundamentalist socialist such as Beatrice web do believe that a society could be gradually improve and socialist values would be gradually more entrenched by then a series of reforms that limit private ownership.
-revionist socialist such as Crossland and Giddens with the third way would also argue for a positive role of individualism and the free market. they do also argue that society could be gradually improved and believe such improvement could occur alongside private property and capitalism. all other branches of socialism do find it difficult to agree with this.

Question 8

what do democratic socialist think of society?

Answer 8

• democratic socialist such as Beatrice Webb and social democrats such as Anthony Crossland do argue that society could be gradually reformed in the interests of social justice, using parliamentary government which will humanise capitalism.
• democratic socialist such as Webb did argue that reform would lead to a socialist society ( achieved gradually without revolution).

Question 9

what do social democrats and the third way argue for?

Answer 9

-humanising of capitalism, Marx and Engels Webb and Luxemburg would argue that this would be impossible due to capitalism explorative nature.

Question 10

what do democratic socialist view the state as?

Answer 10

revolutionary socialist do see the state as a tool of the bourgeoise, reinforcing the inequality and selfishness of capitalism.
-revolutionary socialist do agree with Marx and Engles who believe that the state would no longer be then needed once the revolution has happened.

Question 11

what do democratic socialist think of the state?

Answer 11

democratic socialist such as Webb did argue that the expansion of the state is needed to plan and enforce reform such as equality of opportunity , equality of outcome and redistributive economic policy.

Question 12

what do social democrats think of the state?

Answer 12

-would argue that the role of the state is to reform capitalism
- like Crossland would argue that it is the state job to deliver social equality and social justice.
-social democrats argue that the state using Keynesian economic will manage the economy to ensure high employment, low inflation and growth.
-state would use the proceeds of wise economic management to counter capitalism inequality via redistribution of wealth among equality welfare.

Question 13

what do third way socialist think about the state?

Answer 13

• all third way socialist such as Giddens did argue that citizens should be stakeholders and the state should have social investment, investing in social infrastructure like education and training.

-third way would argue that state should not do too much as it would create a dependency culture.
- it would argue against top down state intervention preventing the free market parcipitation in the delivery of public services.

Question 14

what are the tensions within socialism about the state?

Answer 14

all revolutionary socialist such as Marx and Engles did argue that after the communist revolution the state would wither away. revolutionary socialist such as Luxemburg did disagree and argued that the capitalist state should be replaced by the socialist state complete with democratic elections and free speech.

Question 15

what does the third way think of the state?

Answer 15

-they do argue that the state should support the free market so that it could improve society and should decentralise political power and allow the private sector to run public services. no other branch of socialism had such a positive role for the free market.

Question 16

what does the third way think of the state?

Answer 16

-they do argue that the state should support the free market so that it could improve society and should decentralise political power and allow the private sector to run public services. no other branch of socialism had such a positive role for the free market.

Question 17

what does revolutionary socialist say about the state?

Answer 17

revolutionary socialist like Marx and angels do argue that after the communist revolution the state would wither away. revolutionary socialist such as Luxemburg disagree and argue that the capitalist state should be replaced by the socialist state complete with democratic elections and free speech.

Question 18

what does neo Marxists say about the state?

Answer 18

neo Marxists like ralph millband do argue that democratic socialist and social democrat governments has struggled to implement their socialist agendas as the state elite ( civil service, judiciary, big business). frustrated social reforms. he agreed with Marx that the parliamentary road was flawed and that socialism could only be achieved via a revolution

Question 19

what do democratic socialist and social democrats argue about the state?

Answer 19

• do argue that the state could remodel society without revolution in an evolutionary fashion. Webb and cropland both do argue that parliamentary democracy could gradually bring about socialist reform.

Question 20

what do socialist think of capitalism? revolutionary socialist

Answer 20

• marx and Engles do argue that capitalism does disort human consciousness, the proletariat is exploited by the bourgeoise.
  -revolutionary and democratic socialist do want capitalism abolished and replaced with an economy that is based on collective ownership of property and the workers controlling the means of production.
  -revolutionary and democratic socialist do also want capitalism abolished and replaced with an economy based on collective ownership of property and the workers controlling the means of production.
• do also argue that equality could be achieved only with the abolition of private property and the common ownership of the means of production with workers control.
  -would argue that any attempts to reform capitalism will completely undermine the core objective of socialism.

Question 21

what do revolutionary socialist say about capitalism?

Answer 21

Luxemburg did say that the exploitative elements within capitalism are too strong
Marx and Engels do argue that the contradiction in capitalism do mean that its collapse was inevitable a predominant theme in revolutionary socialism.

Question 22

what do democratic socialist say about capitalism?

Answer 22

democratic socialist such as Beatrice Webb did argue that equality of ownership would equate to extensive state nationalisation and not the workers taking direct control. she wanted a paternal governing class.

Question 23

what do social democratic say about capitalism?

Answer 23

social democrats do disagree with revolutionary socialist and democratic socialist and argue that capitalism should not be abolished but be reformed.
-social democrats do argue for a mixed economy of state and privately run industries. the state would regulate the economy using Keynesian economics.
- social democrats would want to use the welfare state to reform the inequalities of capitalism, redistributive wealth.
-social democrats such as Anthony Crossland did focus on social justice not common ownership
-social democrats would want to redistribute wealth, resources and opppountieis via public ownership and public services that would be financed by progressive taxation.

Question 24

what does the third way say about socialism?

Answer 24

• the third way Giddens does embrace aspects of the free market and does not want to top down state intervention. it does want private enterprise being involved in the delivery of public services (private finance initiatives instigated by labour).
  -third way does reject the non means tested redistribution of wealth advocated by social democracy, Giddens argued that it does lead to a dependency culture.
• third way would advocate what Giddens would describe as a social investment state a proceeds of economic growth are invested in the infrastructure of society (education and training).
• third way would advocate equality of welfare but to a lesser extent than social democracy. does argue for a regulated economy to reinforce workers rights minimum wage, abolition of zero hour contracts, equal pay etc.

Question 25

what does different types of socialist say about the economy?

Answer 25

revolutionary socialist, Marx and engels and Luxemburg did alll view the free market and private property as incompatible with socialism core pricples and argued for a revolution.

Question 26

what do democratic socialist say about the economy?

Answer 26

democratic socialist such as Beatrice Webb do agree but argue that a socialist state will not be achieved by a revolution but via gradual reform. neither social democrats nor the third way to envisage a fully socialist state like that wanted by revolutionary socialist or democratic socialist

Question 27

what do social democrats say about the economy?

Answer 27

social democrats such as Crossland did argue for a mixed economy rather than increasing public ownership. state managed economy would adopt Keynesian economics to make sure there was permanent economic growth, proceeds of the economy spent on expanding the welfare state.

Question 28

what do the third way argue about the economy?

Answer 28

the third way does argue for abandonment of state managed Keynesian economics supports neo liberal economics that accept privatisation of formerly nationalised industries. greater revenue generated would fund public spending that helped greater equality of opportunity.

Question 29

what affect has socialism had economically in China?

Answer 29

a lot of China remains rural and poor, but more than 1 million Chinese are millionaires.
China has developed into one of now the largest economies in the world

Question 30

what affect has socialism had in china politically?

Answer 30

China has developed into a dictatorship following the socialist/ communist revolution it is a single party state.
China could also be referred to as the police state as there is a lot of restriction and state control.

Question 31

what are the positives of socialism in china?

Answer 31

china has developed into one of the largest economies in the world
- it has developed a large nuclear arsenal
- the growth of the middle class substantial improvements in health care and education.

Question 32

what are the negatives of socialism?

Answer 32

maos great leap forward was a failed attempt to modernise agriculture and industry suing a rural commune system causing a famine in which some 20 million did die.
- alot of china does remain rural and poor but more than 1 million Chinese are millionaires, (there is an economic divide. )
- it has developed a large nuclear arsenal (lack of human right)
- has one child policy has produced an ageing population that does need to be paid for there is a shortage of women which does affect Chinese men looking for wives.
-there is widespread frustration with the repressive nature of politics and society, and there is growing anger about the endemic corruption with government at a local and national level.

Question 33

China socialism information

Answer 33

• has been under communist party control since 1949 when mao Tse tung led the party to victory in the civil war.
  -in the late 1960s there was great authority and there was the encouraging of the victimisation of liberal elites within the communist party.
  -despite his death, the trouble of communism do remain as a lot of chia is poor despite private enterprise after his death which encouraged growth rates of more than 10% in the 1990s and 2000s.
• it does not tolerate political dissent. the 1989 tianmen square massacre of protesting students, China treatment of tibet, and the massive internet censorship imposed by the great firewall of China all show that human right are ignored.

Question 34

what is Vietnams economic impact of socialism?

Answer 34

exporting petroleum
no defined as a lower middle income country
- has made good economic progress due to exporting petroleum
- it is now defined as a lower middle income country
- in now recent years Vietnams currency has fallen in value and problems with its banking system and state owned companies have been exposed.

Question 35

what is the political impact of socialism on Vietnam?

Answer 35

-one party communist state which there are human right abuses
- censorship.
-political corruption
-real power resides in the post of general sectary of the communist party which has been held b outgoing president nguyen phu trong since 2011.

Question 36

what are the advantages of socialism in Vietnam?

Answer 36

-one of asias fastest growing economies and has set its sight on becoming a developed nation by 2020 -

Question 37

what is social justice?

Answer 37

Social justice involves those policies and measures designed to ensure a more equitable distribution of life chances within society. The term tends to be associated with those on the left of the political spectrum, including social liberals and socialists. It also consists of various attempts made to address the problem of social exclusion and inequality within society.

Question 38

what does social justice do?

Answer 38

Social justice assigns rights and duties in the institutions of society, which enables people to receive the basic benefits and burdens of cooperation. The relevant institutions often include taxation, social insurance, public health, public school, public services, labor law and regulation of markets, to ensure distribution of wealth, and equal opportunity.

Question 39

what does different socialist think of revolution?

Answer 39

revolutionary socialist do call for a complete revolution a complete total transformation of society so the existing state has to be completely uprooted and replaced with new revolutionary insitions.. such a fundamental change often leads to violence the ruling class is unlikely to give up its power without a fights. thus revolutionary socialist in russia, china and mexico had to fight bloody civil wars to establish their regimes.
revolutionary socialist do agrue that piecemeal or gradual change would not lead to a genuinely socialist society as the ruling class and bourgeoise values are too firmly entrenched. for example capitalist are adept at infiltrating political parties, representative assemblies and labour organisation in order to blunt their radicalism.
democratic socialist do say that a revolution is not necessary they endorse the parliamentary route towards a socialist system. by gaining a electoral mandate from the people a socialist government could utilise a system based upon parliamentary sovereignty to implement a programme of nationalisation, centralisation, protectionism and co operative run by the workers. such measures could only be achieved on an evolutionary basis. This is a preferrable route.

Question 40

what are the different views and tensions within socialism?

Answer 40

revolutionary socialism does rejects the use of democratic methods in the pursuit of a socialist society

Question 41

why is revolutionary socilaism popular with alot on the left?

Answer 41

alot of people on the left did like this method as:
The early development of industrialisation and capitalism brought poverty, exploitation and
unemployment, which was expected to radicalise the working classes who were at the sharp end
of these changes.
* As the workers were not part of the ‘political nation’, they had little ability to influence policies in
government systems usually dominated by the landed aristocracy or bourgeoisie.

Question 42

what is revolutionary socilaism based on?

Answer 42

• a conviction that the state is a ‘bourgeois’
  instrument of class oppression, defending capitalist interests against those of the working classes.The primacy of the ruling class is reinforced by key institutions and agencies of the state, such as
  the parliamentary system, the mass media and high finance. Piecemeal or gradual change will
  not lead to a genuinely socialist society because the ruling class and bourgeois values are too
  firmly entrenched. For example, capitalists are adept at infiltrating political parties, representative
  assemblies and labour organisations in order to blunt their radicalism.

Question 43

what does revolutionary socialism call for?

Answer 43

• a total transformation of society, the existing state has to be completely uprooted and replaced with the new revolutionary isnitinons.
• such a change does often lead to violence the ruling class would be unlikely to give up its power without a fight
  -revolutionary socialist in Russia, China and mexico did have to fight bloody civil wars to establish their regimes.

Question 44

what does it maintain?

Answer 44

revolutionary socialists maintain that any attempt to ‘humanise’ capitalism, a system
based on inequality and exploitation, would completely undermine the principles and objectives
of socialism

Question 45

example of where revolutionary socialism is evident?

Answer 45

After the Second World War, revolutionary socialism was adopted by many national liberation
movements in Africa, Asia and South America, including the Chinese communists led by Mao, the
Viet Cong directed by Hoàng Văn Thái and the Cuban insurgents under Castro. These movements
concluded that such a strategy was the only way to remove the colonial powers and their domestic
allies and dismantle outdated social and economic systems. The intention was to bring about rapid
modernisation to enable these societies to catch up with the more prosperous and technologically
advanced industrial countries.

Question 46

what has been the result of a revolution?

Answer 46

-fundamentalist socialist regimes such as those established in the soviet union.
-in all three cases successful insurrection destroyed the old order that did permit the creation of a new socialist society based on state control of the economy.
-revolution has resulted in the encouragement of the establishment of rigid hierarchical parties with dominant leaders and ruthless political methods to remove opposition and introduce totlatarism.

Question 47

what does social democracy attempt to do?

Answer 47

social democracy attempts to reconcile free-market capitalism with state
intervention, based on three assumptions.
Although the capitalist system is a dependable creator of wealth, the way it distributes wealth
produces inequality and poverty.
* State intervention in economic and social affairs can protect the public and remedy the
weaknesses of capitalism.
* Peaceful and constitutional methods should be used to bring about social change

Question 48

what is social democracy concerned about?

Answer 48

• its defining core value social justice. it does rest on moral, rather than Marxists critique of capitalism. socialism is superior to capitalism.
  -it can encompass a variety of perspectives including the acceptance of private sector productivity and personal responsibility.

Question 49

what do social democrats think of in relation to capitalism

Answer 49

-they pursue a reviosnist policy of reforming capitalism. social democracy did adopt a more limited government with three key elements;
Support for a mixed economy of both state and privately owned enterprises, with only key
strategic industries nationalised, as under the Attlee Labour government of 1945–51.
* Keynesianism as a means of regulating the capitalist economy and maintaining full employment.
* Reform of capitalism chiefly through the welfare state, which would redistribute wealth to tackle
social inequality and the problem of poverty.

Question 50

what did social democrat Anthony Crossland put forward?

Answer 50

in the future of socialism Crossland did maintain that a new skilled governing class of salaried mangers, technocrats and officials had taken over the control of industry from the old capitalist class.
-profit pursuit was only one objective as this new elite did also have wider concerns such as the Maintenace of good employer worker relations and the protection of the business reputation.
-Crossland did assert that capitalism was no longer a system of harsh class oppression and extensive state direction and control was now irrelevant.
-he did emphasis the need for social justice by stressing the redistributive role of the welfare state funded by progressive taxation.
-under this system Crosland did agrue that economic growth would sustain social democracy
-expanding economy would provide taxation revenue to pay for welfare spending and improve therefore standard of the more affluent that finance this expeditor.