Differentiation + Specialised Cells (with evaluation)

Question 1

What is Differentiation?

Answer 1

Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialised for a function and cannot change into different types of cell

Question 2

What is a Specialised Cell?

Answer 2

Specialised Cells are cells with structures that are specialised to allow them to carry a particular function out.

Question 3

What is the Function and Structure of a Red Blood Cell?

Answer 3

Function = To carry oxygen around the body

Structure = No nucleus to carry more oxygen (biconcave)

Question 4

What is the Function and Structure of a Muscle Cell?

Answer 4

Function = To contract and relax

Structure = Contains lots of Mitochondria

Question 5

What is the Function and Structure of Root Hair Cell?

Answer 5

Function = To absorb water

Structure = Long extensions and no chloroplast

Question 6

What is the Function and Structure of an Epithelial Cell?

Answer 6

Function = Moves mucus and dust from the throat

Structure = Has Cillia (tiny moving hair like structure)

Question 7

What is the Function and Structure of a Palisade Cell?

Answer 7

Function = Site of photosynthesis

Structure = Lots of chloroplasts and elongated structure

Question 8

What is the Function and Structure of Nerve Cells?

Answer 8

Funtion = To carry messages around the body

Structure = Very long structure and long extensions from the cell (dendrites)

Question 9

Where can you get Stem Cells (Undifferentiated Cells) from?

Answer 9

Animal:

• Embryos
• Bone Marrow

Plant:
- Root/shoot tips

Question 10

What are the Pros and Cons of using Embryonic Stem Cells?

Answer 10

Pros:

• The stem cells can take form of any cell needed
• More readily available

Cons:

• Unknown risks
• Unethical, killing a possible baby
• Religious problems, playing with God
• The body may reject the cells

Question 11

What are the Pros and Cons of Bone Marrow Stem Cells?

Answer 11

Pros:
- The person can give consent

Cons:

• Can only produced a limited selection of cells
• Not as readily available