Differentiation And Specialisation Flashcards
What is cell differentiation
Process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What happens during cell differentiation
They develop different subcellular structures, this enables them to carry out specific functions
When do animal cells differentiate
At an early stage
When do plant cells differentiate
They have the ability to differentiate throughout life
What is cell differentiation in mature animals used for
Repairing and replacing cells
What are sperm cells specialised for
Reproduction
Aim is to get the male DNA to the female DNA
Long tail and streamlined head to help it swim
Lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide energy
Lot of enzymes in its head to digest through the cell membrane
What are nerve cells specialised for
Aim is to carry electrical signals from one part of body to another.
Long to cover more distance
Branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells
What are muscle cells specialised for
Aim to contract quickly
Long so they have space to contract
Lot of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction
What are root hair cells specialised for
Aim to absorb water and minerals
On the surface of plant roots
Grow into long hairs that stick out into the soil
Gives plant a big surface area for absorbing water and minerals from soil
What are phloem and xylem cells specialised for
Aim to transport food and water around plants
To form tubes, the cells are long and joined end to end
Xylem cells are hollow
Phloem cells have few subcellular structures so that stuff can flow through
