differentiation and functions of CD4 T cells

Question 1

Th1 Cells:

1. stimulus:
2. TF
3. produces:
4. function:
5. host defense
6. role in diseases

Answer 1

1. IL-12 and IFN-gamma (by DCs and macrophages)
2. STAT4 → T-bet
3. IFN-gamma
4. classical macrophage (M1) activation, IgG isotype switching,
5. intracelluar microbes
6. autoimmune diseases

Question 2

Th2 cells:

1. stimulus:
2. TF:
3. produces:
4. function:
5. host defense
6. role in diseases

Answer 2

1. IL-4 (by mast cells and eosinophils)
2. STAT6 → GATA3
3. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
4. laternative macrophage (M2) activation, IgE isotype switching, mast cell activation
5. helminthic parasites
6. allergic diseases

Question 3

classic macrophage (M1):

1. stimulated by ____
2. ____-inflammatory
3. ____ microbes

Answer 3

1. Th1 (IFN-gamma)
2. pro-inflammatory
3. phagocytizes

Question 4

alternative macrophage (M2):

1. stimulated by ____
2. ____-inflammatory
3. ____ debris
4. stimulates tissue ____

Answer 4

1. Th2 (IL-4/IL-13)
2. anti-inflammatory
3. phagocytizes
4. remodeling

Question 5

T17 cells:

1. stimulus:
2. TF:
3. produces:
   4: function:
4. host defense
5. role in disease

Answer 5

1. IL-1, IL-6, TGF-beta (by DCs)
2. STAT3 → RORgammat
3. IL-17, IL-22
4. balance between homeostasis (IL-22) and inflammation (IL-17)
5. extracellular bacteria; fungi
6. autoimmune inflammatory diseases

Question 6

T reg cells:

1. stimulus:
2. TFs:
3. Produces:
4. function:
5. host defense
6. role in diseases

Answer 6

1. TGFbetaR
2. SMAD2 and SMAD4 and FOXP3
4. self-reactive T cells, down regulates other T cells

Question 7

Th1 cells inhibit differentiation of

Answer 7

Th2 and Th17

Question 8

Th2 cells inhibit differentation of

Answer 8

Th1 and Th17

Question 9

Treg cells inhibit differentation of

Answer 9

all other T helper cells

Question 10

Th1 cells and classical activation of macrophage:

1. signal 1:
2. signal 2:

Answer 10

1. CD40 (constitutively present of Macrophage) binds to CD40L (induced on Th1 cells)
2. IFN-gamma secreted from Th1 cells to macrophage → increased expression of MHC and costimulators

Question 11

functions of Th17 cells:

1. IL-17
2. IL-22

Answer 11

1. IL-17 induces inflammation (neutrophil response)
2. IL-22 controls the homeostasis (increaseed barrier function)

Question 12

no CD4 T cells = ____ CTL activation

Answer 12

poor

Question 13

CD4 helper T cells prooduce cytokines ( ____ ) that stimulate ____ differentiation

Answer 13

IL-2

CTL

Question 14

nontraditional gamma/delta T cells are activated by recognition of conserved stress-induced ligands which resemble ____ or ____ recognized by PRRs

Answer 14

PAMPs or DAMPs

Question 15

gamma/delta T cells have ____ memory and are ____ diverse

Answer 15

no

less

Question 16

gamma/delta T cells respond ____ in infection and serves as link between ____ and ____ immunity

Answer 16

rapidly

adaptive and innate immunity

Question 17

where are gamma/delta T cells found?

Answer 17

intestine, uterus, and tongue

Question 18

physiological roles fulfilled by gamma/delta T cells include:

1. protective immunity against:
2. constant ____ surveillance
3. regulation of physiological ____ function

Answer 18

1. extracellular and intracellular
2. tumor
3. organ

Question 19

gamma/delta T cells can recognize 3 sets of stress-induced stimuli:

1. MHC-related and -unrelated T cell receptor (TCR) ____
2. various cell surface molecules such as MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A ( ____ ) that engage the activating natural killer receptors (NKRs) such as NK group 2, member D (NKG2D)
3. ____ and ____

Answer 19

1. ligands
2. MICA
3. DAMPs and PAMPs

Question 20

functions of gamma-delta T cells:

1. ____ maturation
2. ____ and ____ production
3. ____ of infected or stressed cells
4. regulation of stromal cell function via ____ ____ production
5. ____ cell help and ____ production

Answer 20

1. DC
2. cytokine and chemokine
3. lysis
4. growth factor
5. B cell help and IgE production

Question 21

NKT cells are ____ lineage cells that share morphological and functional characteristics with both T cell and NK cells

Answer 21

T cell

Question 22

low numbers of NKT cell are found virtually everywhere, however 30-50% of all T cells in the ____ are NKT cells

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

following their activation, NKTcells can immediately commence ____ secretion without first having to differentiate into ____ cells

Answer 23

cytokine

effector

Question 24

the rapidty of their response makes NKT cells important players in the very first lines of ____ defense against some types of bacterial and viral infections

Answer 24

innate

Question 25

NKT cells represent a heterogeneous group of ____/____ T cells

Answer 25

CD3/CD56

Question 26

NKT cells express the Ag-specific TCR that is generated after ____ recombination, but like innate immune cells, they do not develop immunological ____

Answer 26

VDJ

memory

Question 27

NKT cells recognize ____ Ag on ____

Answer 27

lipid

CD1d