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Immunology > B cell activation and antibody production (part I) > Flashcards

B cell activation and antibody production (part I) Flashcards

1
Q

mature Ag-responsive B cells develop from bone marrow precursors in the absence of ____

A

Ag

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2
Q

Ag activate mature naive B cells by binding to membrane ____ and/or ____

A

IgM and/or IgD

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3
Q

at the peak of humoral immune response, about ____ Abs are produced every day

A

1012

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4
Q

in primary immune response, naive B cells are stimulated by Ag, become activated, and differentiate into Ab-secreting cells that produc more ____ than ____ specific for the eliciting Ag

A

IgM than IgG

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5
Q

secondary immunte resposes are elicited when the same Ag stimulates memory B cells, leading to production of more ____ than ____

A

IgG than IgM

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6
Q

primary response can be thought of as T Cell-____

A

independent

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7
Q

secondary response can be thought of as T Cell-____

A

dependent

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8
Q

T Cell-dependent:

  1. occurs ____ follicle/GC
  2. must be ____ Ag
  3. affinity ____
  4. isotype ____
  5. ____-lived plamsa cells
  6. what B cells assist:
A
  1. in
  2. protein
  3. maturation
  4. switching
  5. long-lived
  6. follicular B cells
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9
Q

T Cell-independent:

  1. occurs ____ follicle/GC
  2. ____ Ag
  3. no affinity ____
  4. no isotype ____
  5. ____-lived plasma cells
  6. what B cells:
A
  1. outside
  2. non-protein (multivalent)
  3. maturation
  4. switching
  5. short-lived
  6. MZ B Cells, and B1 Cells
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10
Q

follicular B-2 cells respond to ____ Ags and thus initiate T Cell-____ Ab responses

A

protein Ags

T Cell-dependent

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11
Q

marginal zone B cells respond to ____ Ags and are T Cell-____

A

multivalent Ags

independent

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12
Q

B-1 Cell in ____ sites respond to ____ Ags and are T Cell-____

A

mucosal sites

multivalent Ags

T Cell-independent

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13
Q

most mature naive B lymphocytes are ____ cells which are also called recirculating B cells or ____ cell

A

follicular cells

B-2 cells

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14
Q

in secondary lymphoid organs, folliclar B cells migrate into the B cell zones of these tissues called

A

follicles

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15
Q

the ____ chemokine secreted by resident follicular DCs guides the movement of B cells within secondary lymphoid organs

A

CXCL13

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16
Q

what types of Ags are delivered to follicular B cells by direct delivery

A

small, soluble Ags (bind to B cells in the follicle)

17
Q

what types of Ags are delivered to follicular B cells by indirect delivery?

A

Large Ags and immune complexes (Ag-Ab) are captured by sinus macrophages or by resident follicular DCs

18
Q

properties of follicular DCs:

  1. are not ____
  2. do not express ____ molecules
  3. do not ____ Ags
  4. do not ____ Ag in Class I MHC
  5. Ag retention (for long periods) is mediated by ____ , ____ , or ____
A
  1. professional APCs
  2. MHC II
  3. phagocytose
  4. cross-present
  5. FcgammaRIIb , CR1 , CR 2
19
Q

follicular B cell activation:

  1. BCR signaling starts activation and triggers ____ of Ag
  2. Ag is processed and presented to T helper cells via ____ after B and T lymphocytes migrate towards one another
  3. T helper cells provides additional signals for activation and differentiation into short-lived plasma cells (produce IgM) ( ____ and cytokines )
  4. follicular B cell migrates back into GC where ____ from myeloid cells acts as survival signal and B cell can undergo somatic mutation, affinity maturation, isotype switching, geneneration of memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells (produing all isotypes)
A
  1. endocytosis
  2. MHC II
  3. CD40
  4. BAFF
20
Q

____ and ____ may enhance B cell activation

A

CR2 and TLRs

21
Q

extrafollicular B cell activation:

  1. BCR signaling starts activation and triggers ____ of Ag
  2. Ag is process and presented to T helper cells via ____ after B and T cells migrate towards one another (outside of GC)
  3. T helper cell provides additional signals for activation and differentiation into plasma cells ( ____ and cytokines)
  4. plasma cells produced are ____-lived and produce ____
A
  1. endocytosis
  2. MHC II
  3. CD40
  4. short-lived IgM
22
Q

Tfh express ____ (receptor for CXCL13) → migration to ____

A

CXCR5

GC

23
Q

Tfh express IL-21 → stimulates ____ ____ , affinity ____ , and transition to ____

A

isotype switching , affinity maturation , and transition to plasma cells

24
Q

activation/differentiation of Tfh cells:

  1. naive T cell presented ____ by DC
  2. T cell expresses ____ and ____
  3. stimulus for differentiation via ____/____ interaction with B cell
  4. migration into ____
A
  1. Ag
  2. CXCR5 and Bcl-6
  3. ICOS/ICOS-L
  4. GC
25
Q

FDCs secrete ____ to attract B and Tfh cells → creation of ____ ____

A

CXCL13

germinal centers

26
Q

germinal center organization and stimulation by ____ of FDCs and functionally requires ____ from Tfh cells

A

CXCL13

IL-21

27
Q

3 zones in germinal center

A

dark

light

mantle

28
Q

3 zones in germinal center:

Dark Zone

  1. where ____ cells enter the GC and proliferate
  2. these cells undergo extensive ____ ____ and somatic ____ of Ig variable genes

Light Zone

  1. B cells migrate into the light zone where they encounter ____ displaying Ags and Tfh cells
  2. B cells undergo ____

Mantle Zone

  1. pushed aside B cells from primary follicle that are ____ the CG
A

Dark Zone

  1. B cells
  2. isotype switching hypermutation

Light Zone

  1. FDCs
  2. selection

Mantle Zone

  1. outside
29
Q

3 zones of spleen

A

red

white

marginal zone

30
Q

Spleen- white pulp characteristics:

1.

2.

3.

A
  1. PALS (around arteriole) - T cell zone
  2. follcile (B cell zone) - similar process to LNs
  3. contains plasma cells
31
Q

spleen- marginal zone characteristics:

1.

2.

A
  1. between red and white pulp
  2. location of MZ B cells
32
Q

lymphocyte and DCs can enter the white pulp from the ____ ____

A

marginal sinus

33
Q

MZ B cells mount raid Ab response to both ____ and ____ Ags

A

T-dependent and T-independent

34
Q

MZ B cells have relatively ____ threshold compared to other B cells allowing for rapid resposne early in infection

A

low

35
Q

MZ B cells produce rapid initiation of ____ production and can also produce ____ and ____ without help from Tfh cells

A

IgM

IgG and IgA

36
Q

MZ B Cells:

T Cell-indepednent pathway requires dual ____ and ____ engagement by conserved microbial Ags together with co-stimulatory signals from DCs and macrophages

A

BCR and TLR

Immunology (23 decks)

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