Differential education achievement - gender Flashcards
What are 4 explanations for gender subject choice?
- Gendered subject images
- Peer pressure
- Early socialisation
- Gendered career opportunities
What did COLLEY say about gender inequalities in subject choice?
Subjects continue with different images:
IT= heavily masculine, involves machines
Girls feel comfortable with scientific and technical subjects only when taught in single sex schools
What did FRANCIS say about girls and achievement?
Girls get less attention
Gender subject choices getting stronger - fewer women IT and sciences
What did NORMAN ET AL argue about sex-stereotyping?
Sex-stereotyping start from a very young age.
Girls given dolls needing caring
-Emphasises career view
Boys more likely to be given constructional toys
-Develop scientific thinking
Gender stereotypes continually reinforced through media
What was HELEN WILKINSON’S ‘Gender quake’?
Reflects increasing ambitions of young women under the age of 35 toward the labour market.
More women finding jobs and caring more about their careers.
What did FRANCIS & SKELTON say about changes in the labour market?
Jobs with a female workforce increasingly require degree-level qualifications
Provides incentives for women to continue in post-compulsory education
What did SUE SHARPE say about girls aspirations?
Girls priorities changed overtime.
70s: love and marriage were first priority
90s: jobs and careers top of list
Love and marriage= less important
What did MITSOS & BROWNE say about changes in women’s aspirations?
Women’s movement and feminism have raised aspirations, expectation and self-esteem of women.
They aspire to professional and managerial jobs.
Aspire to achieve qualifications that enables them to get jobs.
What did BURNS & BRACEY say about socialisation for schooling?
Girls are better organized, more willing to draft and redraft work
What was JACKSON’S study on Laddish culture?
Schools dominated by culture of hegemonic masculinity
Boys mess around to impress peer groups
Boys didn’t want to succeed so to avoid being seen as ‘uncool’, worked at home
What did FRANCIS say about the culture of masculinity?
Boys get more classroom attention from teachers but are criticised more
Boys want to be popular within peer groups and not ‘nerdy’
What did MITSOS & BROWNE say about factors within education and boys?
Teachers have low expectations of boys
Expect disruption and late submission of work
What is the crisis of masculinity?
Idea that clear roles for men in society no longer exist as a result of the decline in male-dominated manual work or changes in society
What bias did STANWORTH say about girls achievement in A-level classes?
- Teachers found it more difficult to remember girls in their class
- Teachers didn’t expect even most able to go into high status jobs
