Differential Diagnosis Flashcards
Causes of Afib (at least 10)
- PE
- Ischemia
3,Resp Dz - COPD
- Atrial enlargement
- TSH
- ETOH
- Sepsis
- HTN Cardiomyopathy
- Valvular dz
- CHF
- SSS
- Myocardial contusion
- Cardiac surgery
- Catecholamine excess
- Accessory pathyway - WPW
Sick Neonate ddx (at least 9)
Sepsis, Sepsis, Sepsis
T-Trauma (nonaccidental and accidental)
H-Heart disease/hypovolemia/hypoxia E-Endocrine (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyrotoxicosis)
M-Metabolic (electrolyte imbalance)
I-Inborn errors of metabolism: Metabolic emergencies
S-Sepsis (meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection)
F-Formula mishaps (under- or overdilution) I-Intestinal catastrophes (volvulus, malrotation, intussusception, necrotizing enterocolitis) T-Toxins/poisons
S-Seizures
ddx microcytic anemia
- Fe Def anemia
- Thalasemia
- Anemia of Chronic dz
- Lead poisoning
- Sideroblastic anemia
Syncope ddx (at least 10)
R/O seizure
Neurologic:
- Seizure
- Stroke
- Vasovagal
- Situational syncope
- Orthostatic HypoTN
- Carotid sinus sensitivity
- Autonomic neuropathy
Cardiac:
- Tachy or brady arrhythmia
- AoStenosis
- MI
- HOCM
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Atrial myoma
- Aortic dissection
Pulmonary
- PE
- Hypoxia
- Hypercapnia
Non-cardiac:
- hypovolemia
- Drugs (ccb, bb, vasodilators, diuretics)
- Autoimmune insuff (DM, AI, spinal cord lesion),
- Hypoglycemia - Narcolepsy - Vertigo
DDX Abdominal pain in peds (at least 10)
- Pyloric Stenosis 2. Malrotation 3. Mid gut volvulous (commonly rotates around SMA causing ischemia) 4. Appendicitis 5. Intusseception 6. Duodenal Atresia 7. Mesenteria adenitis 8. Constipation 9. Referred pain from pneumonia, UTI, Renal colic (RLL can mimic appy) 10. Gastroenteritis 11. PUD 12. DKA 13. Henoch-Schnlein purpura 14, Testicular Torsion (Check cremaster reflex) 15. Renal colic
DDX Normocytic anemia (at least 3)
- Anemia chronic disease 2. Hemolytic anemia 3. Acute hemorrage 4. Myelodysplasia 5. Infiltration (leukemia, myeloma, mets, infection) 6. Aplasia 7. Liver Dz 8. Uremia 9. Hyper/Hypothyroid 10. Treated nutritional def
DDX Macrocytic anemia (at least 3)
- Folate or B12 def 2. Reticulocytosis 3. ETOH 4. Liver Dz 5. Myelodysplasia 6. Drugs
DDX isolated elevated PT/INR
- Factor 7 def (inherited) 2. Warfarin 3. Vit K def 4. Liver disease 5. Factor 7 inhibitor
DDX isolated elevated PTT (3)
- Heparin 2. Hemophilias 3. vWF
DDX elevation PT/INR and PTT (4)
- Deficencies of prothrombin, fibrinogen, Factors V and X 2. Heparin + warfarin 3. DIC * 4. Liver Dx
DDX agitated Delirium (at least 10)
DIMS DRUGS 1. Sympathemimometics/Stimulants: - Cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines - PCP, ketamine 2. Anticholinergics - Serotonin Syndrome - Sedative withdrawl syndrome INFECTION 3. Viral or bacterial meningitis, encephalitis METABOLIC/Endocrine 4. Hyponatremia, Hypercalemia 5. Hypoglycemia 6. Hypoxia 7. Uremia 8. Hyperammonia 9. Thyrotoxicosis STRUCTURAL 10. Trauma 11. Stroke 12. Hemorrhage 13. Mass
DDX Fever in returning traveller
- Malaria 2. Typhoid 3. Dengue Fever 4. Meningitis 5. Rickettsial disease 6. Mononuecleosis (CMV, EBV) – 7. Yellow Fever 8. Lassa Fever 9. Japanese encephalitis 10. Cysteriosis 11. Viral hemorragic fevers 12. Common infections (pnuemonia, UTI, gastroenteritis) 13. Hepatitis A,B,C 14. HIV 15. STIs- do GU exam
Ddx of Vertigo (8)
Cerebellar stroke Vertebrobasilar a. Insufficiency Vertebral artery dissection Multiple sclerosis BPPV Vestibular neuritis Labyrinthitis Ménière’s disease
Ddx acute painful vision loss (5)
Acute angle closure glaucoma Optic neuritis Trauma Uveitis Temporal arteritis Keratitis
Ddx painful red eye (6)
Acute angle closure glaucoma Keratitis ( UV or ulceration) Epi scleritis Uveitis Scleritis Enopthalmitis Conjunctivitis Orbital cellulitis