differences in health status Flashcards
what are the biological factors
- body weight
- blood pressure
- blood cholesterol levels
- blood glucose regulation
- genetics
- birth weight
what are the sociocultural factors
- access to health info and healthcare
- cultural influences
- socioeconomic status
- food security
- employment status
- social networks and social isolation
- early life experiences
- housing issues
- level of education
what are the environmental factors
- housing
- access to physical resources
- air, water and sanitation quality
- climate change and natural disasters
- workplace
males and females health status - males
biological
- higher rates of CVD and prostate cancer
sociocultural
- more likely to be unemployed
- more likely to have increased income as a single parent
environmental
- more likely to be exposed to unsafe and hazardous work environments
males and females health status - females
biological
- increased genetic disposition to breast cancer
sociocultural
- more likely to access healthcare and information
environmental
- less likely to be exposed to unsafe work environments
Indigenous health status - biological
- insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation
- increased blood pressure
- increased low birthweight babies
low socioeconomic status - biological
- increased obesity
- increased blood glucose intolerance
- increased low birthweight babies
- increased rates of high blood pressure- CVD
living outside major cities - biological
- increased obesity
- increased impaired glucose regulation
- increased blood pressure and cholesterol rates
- increased low birthweight babies
Indigenous health status - sociocultural
- higher unemployment rates
- lower income levels
- increased social exclusion
- cultural barriers in accessing healthcare
Indigenous health status - environmental
- increased exposure to poor air quality from tobacco
- less quality access to infrastructure eg. roads/schools
- lack of running water and sanitation
low socioeconomic status - sociocultural
- increased overcrowding in houses
- decreased levels of education
- increased unemployment
- less likely to access healthcare
- lower rates of health literacy
low socioeconomic status - environmental
- increased exposure to poor air quality from tobacco
- increased exposure to unsafe work environments
- increased manual labour injuries
- poorer access to infrastructure
living outside major cities - sociocultural
- difficulty accessing healthcare
- difficulty accessing social support services
- increased unemployment
- decreased incomes
- increased education levels
living outside major cities - environmental
- harsher work environments
- more sun exposure
- more accidents from dangerous work environments
- reduced access to infrastructure
impacts of tobacco smoking
- effects physical fitness
- reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen and cause the heart to work harder increasing heart rate
- inflammation caused by tobacco damages tissue cells increasing the risk of cancers
- damages arteries increasing the risk of CVD
- contributes to complications in pregnancy and rate of low birth weight babies
impacts of excessive alcohol consumption
- obesity
- high blood pressure and stroke- CVD
- liver disease
- mental health conditions
- increased injuries and road traffic accidents
- increased violence
impacts of high body mass index
- obesity
- type 2 diabetes
- CVD
- mental health conditions
how is BMI measured
BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)
high intake of fat
- excess saturated and trans fat contributes to higher levels of LDL which can raise blood pressure- risk of CVD
- fat contains many kjs and is energy dense contributing to weight gain- increase the risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes
- too much saturated fat- risk of colorectal cancer
- having adequate amounts of monounsaturated fat helps to maintain levels of HDL which help with blood cholesterol levels
high intake of salt
- greater excretion of calcium in the urine- osteoporosis
- high blood pressure- risk of hypertension and CVD
- CVD- heart needs to work harder
high intake of sugar
- simple carbohydrates are a source of energy
- excessive energy intake can increase weight gain can increase risks of chronic diseases- CVD, type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity, risk of dental caries
low intake of fibre - soluble and insoluble
- soluble- assists to remove bad cholesterol from the body, and assists in delaying and prolonging blood glucose absorption
- insoluble- adds bulk to faeces/assists with regulation of bowel movement
- increased risk of constipation
- reduces satiety- keeping you fuller for longer- which prevents the snacking on foods high in salt, sugar and fat.
- risk of colorectal cancer and obesity
low intake of iron
- essential for haemoglobin in red blood cells and the transportation of oxygen to every cell in the body
- anemia
- red blood cells need to work harder to get oxygen around the body
- fatigue/weakness
- low blood pressure
under-consumption of vegetables - nutritional value
- Fibre, Vitamins A, B, C and Minerals- Magnesium, Folate, Phytochemicals- antioxidants
- reduces satiety- obesity
- colorectal cancer
- CVD
under-consumption of fruit - nutritional value
- Fibre, Complex CHO, Vitamins- C Bs and Minerals- Folate
- reduces satiety- obesity
- colorectal cancer
- CVD
under-consumption of dairy foods - nutritional value
- Calcium, Protein, Phosphorus
- decrease bone mass density- osteoporosis
- heart disease, stroke, hypertension
