Dietary Assessment Methods Flashcards
Name the 4 Nutritional Status Assessment methods
Anthropometry
Biochemistry
Clinical and Physical Assessment
Dietary Intake
Name the 8 Dietary Assessment Methods
Food Diary or Food Records
24-Hour recall
Food frequency questionnaire
Dietary HIstory
Weighed Food Records
Biomarker Assessment
Direct Observation
Technology-Based Methods
What are the uses of dietary assessment methods?
Public Health
Clinical
Research
Why are dietary assessment methods important?
Assessing the relationship between diet and disease
Clinical Medicine
Assignment of dietary reference values
Policy making
Briefly explain how Food Diary or Food records are used as a dietary assessment method
Individuals record everything they eat and drink over a specified period.
This method provides detailed information about types and quantities of food consumed but can become a burden.
Briefly explain how 24-hour recall is used as a dietary assessment method
Individuals report all dietary intake consumed in the past 24 hours to an interviewer or a software tool.
Less burdensome for participants but might not represent typical eating habits.
Briefly explain how food frequency questionaries are used as a dietary assessment method
Individuals report how often they consume specific types of food or groups of food over a specified period.
Can provide an overview of habitual intake. Accurate intake is difficult to assess. Can be timely and long. Not suited to all ethnicities.
Briefly explain how diet history is used as a dietary assessment method
A comprehensive interview about an individual’s eating habits, preferences, and dietary patterns over a more extended period, which may include childhood and cultural influences.
Might not represent typical eating habits.
Briefly explain how weighed food records are used as a dietary assessment methods
Individuals weigh and record all foods and beverages consumed.
Highly accurate data. Can be burdensome and affect normal eating patterns.
Briefly explain how biomarker assessments are used as a dietary assessment method
Involves measuring biomarkers in bodily fluids or tissues, such as blood or urine samples, to assess nutrient intake.
Biomarkers provide objective data about the body’s response to nutrients. Expensive and invasive.
Briefly explain how direct observations are used as a dietary assessment method
Trained observers watch and record an individual’s food intake.
Provides real-time and accurate information. It can be intrusive and may alter eating behaviors.
Briefly explain how technology-based methods are used as a dietary assessment method
Apps and software were developed to track food intake.
Often include databases of food composition for easier and more accurate tracking. Relies on user input.
Give the 3 major problems to accurate food history
Measuring an individual’s current dietary intake makes them change their behavior
Measuring past intake relies on the memory and honesty of the subject
Errors introduced by food composition tables
Name important aspects that need to be considered when designing a dietary questionnaire
Maximally informative
Minimally Invasive
Target Population
Fit for purpose
Questionnaire validation
How is indirect dietary assessment carried out?
Nationala nd Regional
Household
Do not rely on information obtained directly from individuals
How is direct assessment carried out?
Information obtained directly from consumers
Provides enough information to convert food intake into E and nutrients
What are the 2 ways the duration period is classified?
Short term
Long term
What are the 2 ways the time frame of collected data is classified?
Past/Retro
Current/prospective
Which of the dietary assessment methods are classed as retrospective methods?
Diet history
24-hour recall
Food frequency questionaries
Which of the dietary assessment methods are classed as prospective methods?
Duplicate diets
Weighed food diaries
Estimated food diaries
Give the advantages and disadvantages of retrospective dietary assessment methods
Advantages:
Quick
Cheap
Low subject motivation
Lower literacy skills needed
Good cooperation
Can be sent in the post
Disadvantages:
Reliant on memory
Conceptualization skills needed
Observer bias possible
Distortion of the usual diet
May lack day-to-day variation
Requires regular eating habits
Dependent on food composition tables
What are the advantages and disadvantages of prospective dietary assessment methods?
Advantages:
Current diet
Direct observation
Daily variation described
The length of recording can vary
Disadvantages:
Labor intensive
Requires respondent skills
Under-reporting likely
Expensive
What are the 9 categories dietary assessment methods are based on?
Purpose
Population
Setting
Administration
Reliability
Validation
Acceptability
Timescale
Use
What tools can support dietary assessment?
Food portion sizes
Food tables
Awareness of energy and protein content of common foods
Computerized dietary analysis tools
Explain how random errors can be reduced in dietary assessment methods
This can be reduced by the increased number of observations and standardization of measurements
How do random errors come about in dietary assessment methods?
Unpredictable/unknown
Variation in diet. inconsistencies of measurements
Why are there variations within the diets of subjects?
Individual variation - age, culture
Dietary variation in week/weekend
Increase in variation due to:
Reduction in frequency of family meals
Increase in single households
Wide range of food easily available
Rise in consumption of food eaten out of the home
Long working hours
Why are there variations in diets between subjects?
Variation of nutrient intake between:
Groups
Populations
Genders
Age
Socio-Economic Status
Name techniques that can be used to identify under-reporting when carrying out dietary assessment methods
Doubly labeled water
Urine nitrogen excretion
Energy Intake
Give the values and limitations of dietary assessment methods
Measurement of diet is important in many types of study:
Cohort studies
Intervention studies
Consideration of the aims of dietary assessment is crucial to guide the choice of the most appropriate method
Do you want to assess individuals or groups?
Are you interested in a particular nutrient?
Do you want to discover if recommendations are being met?
