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MA > Diet / Nutrition > Flashcards

Diet / Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

The sum of all cellular processes that build, maintain and supply energy to living tissue

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino acids

A

Incomplete proteins

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3
Q

Found in meat, fish, poultry, eggs and milk

A

Complete proteins

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4
Q

Children under two need more what in their diet than older children and adults?

A

Fat

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5
Q

Fiber and starch are examples of what?

A

Complex carbohydrates

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6
Q

Each gram of carbohydrate contains _____ calories

A

4.1

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7
Q

Too much what can cause constipation, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal disorders?

A

Fiber

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8
Q

The daily recommended allowance for fat in the adult

A

30-40%

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9
Q

Cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied by food

A

Essential fatty acids

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10
Q

High levels of what are linked with lowered risks for coronary heart disease?

A

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

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11
Q

What fats tend to lower blood cholesterol?

A

Unsaturated

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12
Q

Vitamins A, D, E and K are

A

Fat-soluble

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13
Q

Most mineral are observed in…

A

The small intestines, and any excess is eliminated

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14
Q

Water contributes to what percent of body weight?

A

65

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15
Q

Is the optimal percentage of body fat for men and women the same?

A

No

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16
Q

A body-mass index (a measure of weight relative to height) for obese pts is what percent and above?

A

30% and above

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17
Q

Substances in food that may offer protection against certain chronic diseases

A

Antioxidants

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18
Q

Contains a balance of nutrients that infants’ bodies need during the first year of life

A

Breast milk

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19
Q

The typical American diet contains how much sodium daily?

A

2 to 5 g

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20
Q

This in milk can diminish the absorption of some antibiotics

A

Calcium

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21
Q

Do individuals who have anorexia nervosa usually suffer from a childhood trauma?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Three main groups of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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23
Q

A product of the digestion of milk

A

Galactose

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24
Q

A condition caused by an overdose of vitamins

A

Hypervitaminosis

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25
A simple sugar to which all forms of carbohydrates are ultimately converted
Glucose
26
Is a source of vitamins B and complex and E
Wheat germ
27
Butter, margarine and cooking oils are...
Visible fats
28
A fibrous form of carbohydrate that cannot be digested
Cellulose
29
Glycogen is stored in the...
Liver and muscles
30
Fats can be classified as...
Visible and invisible
31
Another term for fats
Lipids
32
An inadequate supply of essential nutrients in the diet may result in...
Malnutrition
33
The nutrient that comprises about 58% of the body weight
Water
34
Two foods that contain large amounts of saturated fats
Lamb and ice cream
35
The digestion of fats occur mainly in the...
Small intestine
36
Blindness can result in a severe lack of...
Vitamin A
37
The vitamin that is necessary for the proper clotting of blood
Vitamin K
38
Good sources of vitamin C
Citrus fruits
39
Protein deficiency may result in...
Nutritional edema
40
Complete proteins contain all the essential...
Amino acids
41
Inorganic elements that help to build tissues, are found in all body tissues, and regulate various body functions
Minerals
42
The coloring matter of the blood
Hemoglobin
43
A tiny animal or plant
Microorganism
44
Injections of vitamin b-12 are given in the treatment of...
Pernicious anemia
45
Used to determine the percentage of body fat
Caliper
46
A typical symptom of a food allergy
Hives
47
Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed
Amino acids
48
Iron is known to be a necessary component of...
Hemoglobin
49
Essential to health because it effects the rate of metabolism
Iodine
50
Slower than water-soluble vitamins to exhibit deficiencies
Fat-soluble vitamins
51
Include trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase
Pancreatic enzymes
52
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1•C
Calorie
53
The most essential nutrient for building and repairing cells and tissue
Protein
54
Each gram of protein contains _____ calories
4
55
There are _____ amino acids that are necessary for the body
20
56
One function of this is they assist in maintaining the body’s water balance and assist with antibody production and disease resistance
Proteins
57
Used to measure the energy the body used during all activities and metabolic processes
Calories
58
The body makes proteins out of _____
Amino acids
59
It is recommended that 10-30% of an individual’s total daily caloric be made up of _______
Proteins
60
Meat, fish, poultry, eggs and milk are examples of foods that contain...
Complete proteins
61
Nuts, dry beans, grains and vegetables are examples of foods that contain...
Incomplete protein
62
Provide two-thirds of a person’s daily energy needs
Carbohydrates
63
After the body’s carbohydrate reserves are depleted, the body burns...
Lipids
64
It is recommended that 50-60% of an individual’s total daily caloric intake be made up of...
Carbohydrates
65
Used for immediate fuel and are converted to glucose
Carbohydrates
66
Absorbs organic water and toxins in the body do they can be expelled
Fiber
67
Stored in the liver and muscle cells
Carbohydrates
68
Helps treat and prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome
Fiber
69
Too little of this can result in ab increased risk of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and increased blood glucose levels
Fiber
70
The daily recommendation of fiber for adults
20-30mg
71
Is essential for fiber to work properly in the body
Adequate water intake
72
Each gram of fat contains ____ calories
9
73
Provide a concentrated source of heat and energy and insulate and protect the organs of the body
Lipids
74
A deficiency in this can interfere with the body’s absorption and utilization of vitamins and cause fatigue
Lipids
75
The recommended daily adult cholesterol intake is no more than...
300mg
76
Are derived from animal sources and are solid at room temp
Saturated fats
77
Coconut and palm oils are examples of...
Saturated fats
78
An excess of this can lead to increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and an increased risk of heart and artery disease
Lipids
79
Vegetables oils and margarine are example of...
Unsaturated fats
80
An increase intake of soluble fiber, a decrease in the dietary intake of saturated fats, and exercise result in...
Reduces cholesterol levels
81
Organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and resistance to infections
Vitamins
82
Natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions
Minerals
83
Major minerals the body needs in fairly large quantities include...
Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus
84
Builds healthy bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and helps nerves and muscles function
Calcium
85
The most important nutrient that is essential for the production of Ted blood cells
Iron
86
Plays a vital role in the activities of the thyroid hormones
Iodine
87
A deficiency in iron
Anemia
88
Liver, eggs yolks, fortified breads and cereals, and dark green vegetables are good dietary sources of...
Iron
89
Found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, legumes and the soft bones of sardines and salmon
Calcium
90
Works with vitamin E to aid metabolism, growth, and fertility
Selenium
91
A deficiency in iron can cause a...
Goiter
92
The normal daily requirement for calcium is...
800-1200mg per day
93
Aids in blood clotting and bone growth
Vitamin K
94
Aids in night vision, cell growth and maintenance, and normal reproductive function
Vitamin A
95
Another name to vitamin b1
Thiamin
96
A deficiency in this causes beriberi with appetite loss, digestive problems, muscle weakness, nervous disorders, and heart failure
Vitamin b2
97
Found in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables
Vitamin A
98
Another name for vitamin C
Ascorbic acids
99
A deficiency in this causes pernicious anemia and irreversible liver damage
Vitamin b12
100
An intracellular antioxidant, maintains cell structures, and aids the formation of red blood cells
Vitamin E
101
Builds bones and teeth, is found in egg yolks, butter, and fortified milk
Vitamin D
102
Rich in citrus fruits, mangoes, strawberries, and green leafy vegetables
Vitamin C
103
Protects against tooth decay and is found in many water supplies and certain toothpastes
Fluoride
104
Helps to maintain fluid balance in the body and regulate body temp
Water
105
How many glasses of water should an adult drink daily?
6-8
106
Maintains fluid and acid-base balance and its main dietary source is salt
Sodium
107
Important in the maintenance of muscle contraction and is found in foods such as bananas, raisins, oranges, and potatoes
Potassium
108
Most common food allergens
Wheat, milk, eggs, and chocolate

MA (12 decks)

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