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MA > Diet / Nutrition > Flashcards

Diet / Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

The sum of all cellular processes that build, maintain and supply energy to living tissue

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino acids

A

Incomplete proteins

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3
Q

Found in meat, fish, poultry, eggs and milk

A

Complete proteins

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4
Q

Children under two need more what in their diet than older children and adults?

A

Fat

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5
Q

Fiber and starch are examples of what?

A

Complex carbohydrates

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6
Q

Each gram of carbohydrate contains _____ calories

A

4.1

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7
Q

Too much what can cause constipation, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal disorders?

A

Fiber

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8
Q

The daily recommended allowance for fat in the adult

A

30-40%

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9
Q

Cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied by food

A

Essential fatty acids

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10
Q

High levels of what are linked with lowered risks for coronary heart disease?

A

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

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11
Q

What fats tend to lower blood cholesterol?

A

Unsaturated

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12
Q

Vitamins A, D, E and K are

A

Fat-soluble

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13
Q

Most mineral are observed in…

A

The small intestines, and any excess is eliminated

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14
Q

Water contributes to what percent of body weight?

A

65

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15
Q

Is the optimal percentage of body fat for men and women the same?

A

No

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16
Q

A body-mass index (a measure of weight relative to height) for obese pts is what percent and above?

A

30% and above

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17
Q

Substances in food that may offer protection against certain chronic diseases

A

Antioxidants

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18
Q

Contains a balance of nutrients that infants’ bodies need during the first year of life

A

Breast milk

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19
Q

The typical American diet contains how much sodium daily?

A

2 to 5 g

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20
Q

This in milk can diminish the absorption of some antibiotics

A

Calcium

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21
Q

Do individuals who have anorexia nervosa usually suffer from a childhood trauma?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Three main groups of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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23
Q

A product of the digestion of milk

A

Galactose

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24
Q

A condition caused by an overdose of vitamins

A

Hypervitaminosis

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25
Q

A simple sugar to which all forms of carbohydrates are ultimately converted

A

Glucose

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26
Q

Is a source of vitamins B and complex and E

A

Wheat germ

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27
Q

Butter, margarine and cooking oils are…

A

Visible fats

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28
Q

A fibrous form of carbohydrate that cannot be digested

A

Cellulose

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29
Q

Glycogen is stored in the…

A

Liver and muscles

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30
Q

Fats can be classified as…

A

Visible and invisible

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31
Q

Another term for fats

A

Lipids

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32
Q

An inadequate supply of essential nutrients in the diet may result in…

A

Malnutrition

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33
Q

The nutrient that comprises about 58% of the body weight

A

Water

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34
Q

Two foods that contain large amounts of saturated fats

A

Lamb and ice cream

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35
Q

The digestion of fats occur mainly in the…

A

Small intestine

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36
Q

Blindness can result in a severe lack of…

A

Vitamin A

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37
Q

The vitamin that is necessary for the proper clotting of blood

A

Vitamin K

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38
Q

Good sources of vitamin C

A

Citrus fruits

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39
Q

Protein deficiency may result in…

A

Nutritional edema

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40
Q

Complete proteins contain all the essential…

A

Amino acids

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41
Q

Inorganic elements that help to build tissues, are found in all body tissues, and regulate various body functions

A

Minerals

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42
Q

The coloring matter of the blood

A

Hemoglobin

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43
Q

A tiny animal or plant

A

Microorganism

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44
Q

Injections of vitamin b-12 are given in the treatment of…

A

Pernicious anemia

45
Q

Used to determine the percentage of body fat

A

Caliper

46
Q

A typical symptom of a food allergy

A

Hives

47
Q

Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed

A

Amino acids

48
Q

Iron is known to be a necessary component of…

A

Hemoglobin

49
Q

Essential to health because it effects the rate of metabolism

A

Iodine

50
Q

Slower than water-soluble vitamins to exhibit deficiencies

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

51
Q

Include trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase

A

Pancreatic enzymes

52
Q

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1•C

A

Calorie

53
Q

The most essential nutrient for building and repairing cells and tissue

A

Protein

54
Q

Each gram of protein contains _____ calories

A

4

55
Q

There are _____ amino acids that are necessary for the body

A

20

56
Q

One function of this is they assist in maintaining the body’s water balance and assist with antibody production and disease resistance

A

Proteins

57
Q

Used to measure the energy the body used during all activities and metabolic processes

A

Calories

58
Q

The body makes proteins out of _____

A

Amino acids

59
Q

It is recommended that 10-30% of an individual’s total daily caloric be made up of _______

A

Proteins

60
Q

Meat, fish, poultry, eggs and milk are examples of foods that contain…

A

Complete proteins

61
Q

Nuts, dry beans, grains and vegetables are examples of foods that contain…

A

Incomplete protein

62
Q

Provide two-thirds of a person’s daily energy needs

A

Carbohydrates

63
Q

After the body’s carbohydrate reserves are depleted, the body burns…

A

Lipids

64
Q

It is recommended that 50-60% of an individual’s total daily caloric intake be made up of…

A

Carbohydrates

65
Q

Used for immediate fuel and are converted to glucose

A

Carbohydrates

66
Q

Absorbs organic water and toxins in the body do they can be expelled

A

Fiber

67
Q

Stored in the liver and muscle cells

A

Carbohydrates

68
Q

Helps treat and prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome

A

Fiber

69
Q

Too little of this can result in ab increased risk of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and increased blood glucose levels

A

Fiber

70
Q

The daily recommendation of fiber for adults

A

20-30mg

71
Q

Is essential for fiber to work properly in the body

A

Adequate water intake

72
Q

Each gram of fat contains ____ calories

A

9

73
Q

Provide a concentrated source of heat and energy and insulate and protect the organs of the body

A

Lipids

74
Q

A deficiency in this can interfere with the body’s absorption and utilization of vitamins and cause fatigue

A

Lipids

75
Q

The recommended daily adult cholesterol intake is no more than…

A

300mg

76
Q

Are derived from animal sources and are solid at room temp

A

Saturated fats

77
Q

Coconut and palm oils are examples of…

A

Saturated fats

78
Q

An excess of this can lead to increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and an increased risk of heart and artery disease

A

Lipids

79
Q

Vegetables oils and margarine are example of…

A

Unsaturated fats

80
Q

An increase intake of soluble fiber, a decrease in the dietary intake of saturated fats, and exercise result in…

A

Reduces cholesterol levels

81
Q

Organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and resistance to infections

A

Vitamins

82
Q

Natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions

A

Minerals

83
Q

Major minerals the body needs in fairly large quantities include…

A

Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus

84
Q

Builds healthy bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and helps nerves and muscles function

A

Calcium

85
Q

The most important nutrient that is essential for the production of Ted blood cells

A

Iron

86
Q

Plays a vital role in the activities of the thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

87
Q

A deficiency in iron

A

Anemia

88
Q

Liver, eggs yolks, fortified breads and cereals, and dark green vegetables are good dietary sources of…

A

Iron

89
Q

Found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, legumes and the soft bones of sardines and salmon

A

Calcium

90
Q

Works with vitamin E to aid metabolism, growth, and fertility

A

Selenium

91
Q

A deficiency in iron can cause a…

A

Goiter

92
Q

The normal daily requirement for calcium is…

A

800-1200mg per day

93
Q

Aids in blood clotting and bone growth

A

Vitamin K

94
Q

Aids in night vision, cell growth and maintenance, and normal reproductive function

A

Vitamin A

95
Q

Another name to vitamin b1

A

Thiamin

96
Q

A deficiency in this causes beriberi with appetite loss, digestive problems, muscle weakness, nervous disorders, and heart failure

A

Vitamin b2

97
Q

Found in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables

A

Vitamin A

98
Q

Another name for vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acids

99
Q

A deficiency in this causes pernicious anemia and irreversible liver damage

A

Vitamin b12

100
Q

An intracellular antioxidant, maintains cell structures, and aids the formation of red blood cells

A

Vitamin E

101
Q

Builds bones and teeth, is found in egg yolks, butter, and fortified milk

A

Vitamin D

102
Q

Rich in citrus fruits, mangoes, strawberries, and green leafy vegetables

A

Vitamin C

103
Q

Protects against tooth decay and is found in many water supplies and certain toothpastes

A

Fluoride

104
Q

Helps to maintain fluid balance in the body and regulate body temp

A

Water

105
Q

How many glasses of water should an adult drink daily?

A

6-8

106
Q

Maintains fluid and acid-base balance and its main dietary source is salt

A

Sodium

107
Q

Important in the maintenance of muscle contraction and is found in foods such as bananas, raisins, oranges, and potatoes

A

Potassium

108
Q

Most common food allergens

A

Wheat, milk, eggs, and chocolate

MA (12 decks)

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