Body Planes and Systems Flashcards by Rachel Gunnish

The three main parts of a cell

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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The part of the cell that contains DNA

Nucleus

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The part of a cell the surrounds the nucleus

Cytoplasm

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The division of a somatic cell, forming two new cells

Mitosis

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The smallest particle of an element

Atom

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Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Molecule

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A molecule composed of two or more different elements

Compound

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Microscopic study of tissues

Histology

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Blood is considered to be a type of…

Connective tissue

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Three types of muscle tissue

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

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Skeletal muscles are controlled…

Voluntarily

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What system is comprised of the skin and its derivatives?

Integumentary

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The three layers of skin

Subcutaneous, dermis, epidermis

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What system is a system of glands that produce hormones which affect growth, metabolism, and reproduction?

Endocrine

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What helps the body digest and absorb fat?

Bile

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The universal donor blood type

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What percent of blood is plasma and what percent of blood is formed elements?

55% plasma and 45% formed elements

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In the heart, what ventricles pumps blood to the tissues of the body and what ventricle pumps blood to the lungs?

Left ventricle pumps to the body and right ventricle pumps to the lungs

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The production of heat needed to utilize food

Thermogenesis

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Largest artery in the human body

Aorta

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The definition of integument

Covering

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The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous and serous membranes

Epithelium

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A precancerous lesions which occurs on mucous membranes of the tongue

Leukoplakia

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The epidermis contains…

Melanocytes

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The cell in the epidermis filled with hard substances of protein

Horny cell

Term meaning several layers

Strata

Persons incapable of forming melanin

Albino

Chronic or acute dermatitis

Eczema

The process which forms elbow

Olecranon

The lower jaw

Mandible

Term referring to dead bone tissue

Sequestrum

The deep socket of the hip

Aceyabulum

Term for facial bone

Zygomatic bone

The first part of the nerve cell which receives the nervous impulse

Dendrite

Nervous system connective cells

Glial cells

Paralysis of the lower part of the body

Paraplegia

Term referring to rapid, shuffling steps as seen in Parkinson’s disease

Festination

A congenital defect consisting of the absence of vertebral arch of the spinal column

Spina bifida

The junction between two neurons in the neural pathway

Synapse

Neurons that carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord

Afferent neurons

A large molecule which is the main constituent of chromosomes

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

The partition of the heart

Interatrial septum

A blocking of an artery by a clot

Thrombic occlusion

Erythroblastosis fetalis is an example of...

Hemolytic anemia

The only artery in the body which carries deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary artery

The smallest blood vessel

Capillary

The presence of what gives blood a bright red appearance?

Oxyhemoglobin

The soft blowing sound which is heard on auscultation

Murmur

A variation in the shapes of red blood cells

Poikilocytosis

What valves are located on the right side of the heart?

Tricuspid and pulmonary

In what position does the patient stand erect with palms turned anterior?

Anatomical position

What nerves normally regulate the heartbeat (lower quadrant)?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Divided the body into left and right

Median or sagittal plane

What position is lying face down?

Prone position

What position is lying on their back with palms and face up?

Supine position

What rotation indicates that the movement is toward the center?

Medial rotation

Opposite of abduction (the movement of a limb away from the body)

Adduction

Opposite of distal

Proximal

Front of the body

Conducting away

Efferent

Lying on the stomach

Prone position

The body is divided into front (frontal plane) and back (lateral plane) by the...

Coronal plane

Opposite of ventral

Dorsal

Opposite of distal

Proximal

Is the thoracic duct a part of the respiratory system?

Three layers of the heart

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Longest vein in the body

Saphenous vein

The system that returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and protects the body against disease

Lymphatic system

The small, finger like projections on the surface of the membrane in the small intestine

Villus or villi

The bones found in the skull are considered...

Flat bones

The muscle that allows movement for the shoulders and extends the head

Trapezius muscle

The muscle located posterior thigh and flexes leg and extends thigh

Biceps femoris muscle

The three principle types of muscles

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac