Body Planes and Systems Flashcards
The three main parts of a cell
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
The part of the cell that contains DNA
Nucleus
The part of a cell the surrounds the nucleus
Cytoplasm
The division of a somatic cell, forming two new cells
Mitosis
The smallest particle of an element
Atom
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Molecule
A molecule composed of two or more different elements
Compound
Microscopic study of tissues
Histology
Blood is considered to be a type of…
Connective tissue
Three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Skeletal muscles are controlled…
Voluntarily
What system is comprised of the skin and its derivatives?
Integumentary
The three layers of skin
Subcutaneous, dermis, epidermis
What system is a system of glands that produce hormones which affect growth, metabolism, and reproduction?
Endocrine
What helps the body digest and absorb fat?
Bile
The universal donor blood type
O
What percent of blood is plasma and what percent of blood is formed elements?
55% plasma and 45% formed elements
In the heart, what ventricles pumps blood to the tissues of the body and what ventricle pumps blood to the lungs?
Left ventricle pumps to the body and right ventricle pumps to the lungs
The production of heat needed to utilize food
Thermogenesis
Largest artery in the human body
Aorta
The definition of integument
Covering
The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous and serous membranes
Epithelium
A precancerous lesions which occurs on mucous membranes of the tongue
Leukoplakia
The epidermis contains…
Melanocytes
The cell in the epidermis filled with hard substances of protein
Horny cell
Term meaning several layers
Strata
Persons incapable of forming melanin
Albino
Chronic or acute dermatitis
Eczema
The process which forms elbow
Olecranon
The lower jaw
Mandible
Term referring to dead bone tissue
Sequestrum
The deep socket of the hip
Aceyabulum
Term for facial bone
Zygomatic bone
The first part of the nerve cell which receives the nervous impulse
Dendrite
Nervous system connective cells
Glial cells
Paralysis of the lower part of the body
Paraplegia
Term referring to rapid, shuffling steps as seen in Parkinson’s disease
Festination
A congenital defect consisting of the absence of vertebral arch of the spinal column
Spina bifida
The junction between two neurons in the neural pathway
Synapse
Neurons that carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord
Afferent neurons
A large molecule which is the main constituent of chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The partition of the heart
Interatrial septum
A blocking of an artery by a clot
Thrombic occlusion
Erythroblastosis fetalis is an example of…
Hemolytic anemia
The only artery in the body which carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery
The smallest blood vessel
Capillary
The presence of what gives blood a bright red appearance?
Oxyhemoglobin
The soft blowing sound which is heard on auscultation
Murmur
A variation in the shapes of red blood cells
Poikilocytosis
What valves are located on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid and pulmonary
In what position does the patient stand erect with palms turned anterior?
Anatomical position
What nerves normally regulate the heartbeat (lower quadrant)?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Divided the body into left and right
Median or sagittal plane
What position is lying face down?
Prone position
What position is lying on their back with palms and face up?
Supine position
What rotation indicates that the movement is toward the center?
Medial rotation
Opposite of abduction (the movement of a limb away from the body)
Adduction
Opposite of distal
Proximal
Front of the body
Anterior
Conducting away
Efferent
Lying on the stomach
Prone position
The body is divided into front (frontal plane) and back (lateral plane) by the…
Coronal plane
Opposite of ventral
Dorsal
Opposite of distal
Proximal
Is the thoracic duct a part of the respiratory system?
No
Three layers of the heart
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Longest vein in the body
Saphenous vein
The system that returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and protects the body against disease
Lymphatic system
The small, finger like projections on the surface of the membrane in the small intestine
Villus or villi
The bones found in the skull are considered…
Flat bones
The muscle that allows movement for the shoulders and extends the head
Trapezius muscle
The muscle located posterior thigh and flexes leg and extends thigh
Biceps femoris muscle
The three principle types of muscles
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
