Diet + Digestion Flashcards
What are the 7 nutrient groups?
Carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water
What is malnutrition?
Unbalanced diet
Not getting enough of a nutrient
Results in obesity and puts strain on the heart
What is starvation?
Not having enough of any nutrient group
Common in developing countries (more famines)
NOT GETTING ENOUGH FOOD
What is a balanced diet?
Eating correct amount of food groups appropriate for our lifestyle.
What do carbs do and provide a source.
Vital for energy.
Starch/sugar/cellulose
Pasta,bread,rice
What does too much and too little carbs do?
Too little = starvation
Too much = excess fat
What does protein do and give sources.
Needed for cell growth + repair
E.g meat, eggs, pulses
What is protein made up of?
Amino acid molecules (essential in diet)
What does not enough protein result in?
Kwashiorkor
What is fat (lipids) and give sources.
Provides energy + stores energy. Insulates body.
E.g oil, butter, cheese
What does not enough fat mean?
Not enough = weak immune system, hairloss + rashes.
What are minerals necessary for. Name types of minerals.
Necessary for plant/animal health. Require small amounts. Energy + health.
E.g calcium in milk
Iron in red meat
Sodium in salt
What does not enough iron and calcium lead to?
Iron- not enough = anemia
Calcium- not enough= rickets
What do vitamins do and give sources.
Organic, maintain immune system.
Vitamin A=carrots, leafy green veg
Vitamin C= citrus fruits e,g oranges and lemons
Vitamin D= oily fish, egg
What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin A?
Problems seeing in low light
What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin D?
We develop rickets/osteoporosis
What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin c?
We can develop scurvy (deficiency disease)
What does dietary fibre do and give sources.
Cannot be digested, keeps food moving through gut
E,g veg, bran, wholegrains
What does water do?
Necessary for cell function + body fluids.
Used to transport nutrients around body.
How much of our body is water?
70%
What happens when you don’t drink enough water?
Dehydration
Name the food tests we have carried out
Starch, sugar, fat, protein
What reagent do we use to test for starch?
Iodine
What is the colour change for a positive result of starch?
Yellow/brown to blue/black
What reagent do we use to test for sugar?
Benedict’s solution
What is the colour change for a positive test of sugar?
Blue to green to brick red
What reagent do we use to test for protein?
Biuret solution
What is the colour change for a positive result of protein?
Pale blue to lilac/purple
What test do we use to test for fat?
Emulsion test or Paper spot test
What is a positive result of fat in the emulsion test?
White emulsion forms at top of boiling tube
What is a positive result of fat for paper spot test?
Translucent stain left on paper
What is the danger of fat?
Twice as much energy as carbs.
If too much, a large strain is put on heart. A heart attack can occur due to bloodclot
What is the danger of salt?
High blood pressure. Heart cannot respond during exercise.
What is processed food?
Fortified, low nutritional content food
